Paraneoplastic neurological disorder syndromes

Paraneoplastic neurological disorder (PND) syndromes are disorders that occur physically remote from and commonly develop before the detection of a primary malignancy or metastases. They are thought to be the by-product of systemic immune responses to cancer. PND syndromes may potentially affect any part of the central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous systems individually or in combination. Their diagnosis may be challenging because of the lack of a diagnostic consensus and familiarity among physicians. Patient management centers on the recognition and treatment of the tumor as well as concomitant immunosuppressant and symptomatic therapy.