Overview of Diagnostic Imaging of the Head and Neck

High-resolution computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become indispensable tools for the evaluation of conditions involving the head and neck. Complex anatomic structures and regions, such as the orbit, skull base, paranasal sinuses, deep spaces of the neck, and larynx, require that the radiologist be familiar with the imaging modalities available and their appropriate applications. Head and neck pathology encompasses multiple, diverse conditions and disease processes, many of which are complex and require imaging as adjunct to clinical examination. Imaging techniques can provide anatomical or functional information. CT and MRI provide high-resolution imaging of soft tissues and multiplanar evaluation of osseous structures. 3-D volumetric rendering of the airways can be obtained as necessary. Inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic diseases of the head and neck are best evaluated with either CT or MRI in accordance with current guidelines, with both obtained in some complex cases for optimal evaluation. Conventional x-rays should, in general, be used for only dental evaluation.