@article{787aaad95d6844bfab66e241f4732718,
title = "Outcome-related, Auxiliary Variable Sampling Designs for Longitudinal Binary Data",
abstract = "Background: Epidemiologists have long used case-control and related study designs to enhance variability of response and information to estimate exposure-disease associations. Less has been done for longitudinal data. Methods: We discuss an epidemiological study design and analysis approach for longitudinal binary response data. We seek to gain statistical efficiency by oversampling relatively informative subjects for inclusion into the sample. In this methodological demonstration, we develop this concept by sampling repeatedly from an existing cohort study to estimate the relationship of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to past-year smoking in a panel of baseline smokers. To account for oversampling, we describe a sequential offsetted regressions approach for valid inferences in this setting. Results: Targeted sampling can lead to increased statistical efficiency when combined with sequential offsetted regressions. Efficiency gains are degraded with increased prevalence of the disease response variable, with decreased association between the sampling variable and the response, and with other design and analysis parameters, providing guidance to those wishing to use these types of designs in the future. Conclusions: These designs hold promise for efficient use of resources in longitudinal cohort studies.",
author = "Schildcrout, {Jonathan S.} and Schisterman, {Enrique F.} and Aldrich, {Melinda C.} and Rathouz, {Paul J.}",
note = "Funding Information: This project was partially funded by the NIH grants R01 HL094786 from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, the NIH grant K07 CA172294 from the National Cancer Institute, the Long-Range Research Initiative of the American Chemistry Council, and the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. Funding Information: The authors thank the supported effort of the faculty and staff members of the Johns Hopkins University Bayview Genetics Research Facility, NHLBI grant HL066583 (Garcia/Barnes, PI), and NHGRI grant HG004738 (Barnes/Hansel, PI). Funding Information: The authors thank the supported effort of the faculty and staff members of the Johns Hopkins University Bayview Genetics Research Facility, NHLBI grant HL066583 (Garcia/Barnes, PI), and NHGRI grant HG004738 (Barnes/ Hansel, PI). The Lung Health Study was supported by US Government contract No. N01-HR-46002 from the Division of Lung Diseases of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Data were downloaded from the NCBI database of genotypes and phenotypes (accession number phs000335. v2.p2) The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their thoughtful comments that led to substantial improvements to the paper. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1097/EDE.0000000000000765",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "29",
pages = "58--66",
journal = "Epidemiology",
issn = "1044-3983",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.",
number = "1",
}