Opioid effects on sleep: Review of the literature and consideration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as a relevant mechanism

Keyphrases

• Opioids 100%
• HPA Axis 100%
• Opioid Effects 100%
• Sleep Disturbance 50%
• Chronic Pain 50%
• Sleep Problems 33%
• Opioid Use Disorder 33%
• Long-term Opioid Therapy 33%
• Opioid Exposure 33%
• Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Function 33%
• Synthetic Opioids 33%
• Opioid Physical Dependence 16%
• Opioid Use 16%
• Comorbidity 16%
• Stress Response 16%
• Neurotransmitter Systems 16%
• Chronic Exposure 16%
• Clinical Impact 16%
• Stress Reactivity 16%
• Adjunctive Interventions 16%
• Sleep Reactivity 16%
• Opioid Response 16%

Neuroscience

• Sleep Disorder 100%
• Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis 100%
• Opioid Abuse 66%
• Neurotransmitter 33%
• Physical Dependence 33%
• Comorbidity 33%