TY - JOUR
T1 - One Hundred Ten Years of Allergen Immunotherapy
T2 - A Broad Look Into the Future
AU - Pfaar, Oliver
AU - Creticos, Peter S.
AU - Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg
AU - Canonica, Giorgio Walter
AU - Palomares, Oscar
AU - Schülke, Stefan
N1 - Funding Information:
Conflicts of interest: O. Pfaar reports grants and personal fees from ALK-Abelló, Allergopharma, Stallergenes Greer, HAL Allergy Holding B.V./HAL Allergie GmbH, Bencard Allergie GmbH/Allergy Therapeutics, Lofarma, ASIT Biotech Tools S.A., Laboratorios LETI/LETI Pharma, and Anergis S.A; grants from Biomay, Circassia, GlaxoSmithKline, Pohl-Boskamp, and Inmunotek S.L.; and personal fees from MEDA Pharma/MYLAN, Mobile Chamber Experts (a GA2LEN Partner), Indoor Biotechnologies, Astellas Pharma Global, EUFOREA, ROXALL, Novartis, Sanofi Aventis, Med Update Europe GmbH, and streamedup! GmbH, outside the submitted work. P. S. Creticos reports research grants from Stallergenes-Greer and ALK; and personal fees from ASIT, Allergy Therapeutics, Biomay, Regeneron, and UpToDate, outside the submitted work. J. Kleine-Tebbe reports personal fees from AllergenOnline (Nebraska, USA), Allergy Therapeutics, Allergopharma, ALK-Abelló, AstraZeneca, Bencard, Dr. Pfleger, HAL Allergy, InfectoPharm, LETI, Merck US, Sanofi Genentech, Springer International Publishers, ThermoFisher Scientific, and Thieme Publishers, Germany; grants and personal fees from GSK, Lofarma, Novartis, and Stallergenes-Greer; nonfinancial support from American Academy Allergy Asthma and Immunology, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and WHO/IUIS Allergen nomenclature subcommittee; and personal fees and nonfinancial support from German Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, outside the submitted work. O. Palomares reports research grants from Inmunotek S.L., Novartis, and MINECO. He has received fees for giving scientific lectures or participation in Advisory Boards from Allergy Therapeutics, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Diater, GlaxoSmithKline, S.A, Inmunotek S.L., Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Stallergenes. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. No funding was received for this work.
Funding Information:
Conflicts of interest: O. Pfaar reports grants and personal fees from ALK-Abelló , Allergopharma , Stallergenes Greer , HAL Allergy Holding B.V. / HAL Allergie GmbH , Bencard Allergie GmbH / Allergy Therapeutics , Lofarma , ASIT Biotech Tools S.A. , Laboratorios LETI / LETI Pharma , and Anergis S.A ; grants from Biomay , Circassia , GlaxoSmithKline , Pohl-Boskamp , and Inmunotek S.L. ; and personal fees from MEDA Pharma/MYLAN, Mobile Chamber Experts (a GA2LEN Partner), Indoor Biotechnologies, Astellas Pharma Global, EUFOREA, ROXALL, Novartis, Sanofi Aventis, Med Update Europe GmbH, and streamedup! GmbH, outside the submitted work. P. S. Creticos reports research grants from Stallergenes-Greer and ALK ; and personal fees from ASIT, Allergy Therapeutics, Biomay, Regeneron, and UpToDate, outside the submitted work. J. Kleine-Tebbe reports personal fees from AllergenOnline (Nebraska, USA), Allergy Therapeutics, Allergopharma, ALK-Abelló, AstraZeneca, Bencard, Dr. Pfleger, HAL Allergy, InfectoPharm, LETI, Merck US, Sanofi Genentech, Springer International Publishers, ThermoFisher Scientific, and Thieme Publishers, Germany; grants and personal fees from GSK , Lofarma , Novartis , and Stallergenes-Greer ; nonfinancial support from American Academy Allergy Asthma and Immunology, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , and WHO / IUIS Allergen nomenclature subcommittee; and personal fees and nonfinancial support from German Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, outside the submitted work. O. Palomares reports research grants from Inmunotek S.L. , Novartis , and MINECO . He has received fees for giving scientific lectures or participation in Advisory Boards from Allergy Therapeutics, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Diater, GlaxoSmithKline, S.A, Inmunotek S.L., Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Stallergenes. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment option for patients with type 1–mediated allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis with/without allergic asthma. Although many innovations have been developed since the first clinical report of Noon et al in 1911, the improvement of clinical efficacy and tolerability of this treatment is still an important unmet need. Hence, much progress has been made in the characterization of the cell types, cytokines, and intracellular signaling events involved in the development, maintenance, and regulation of allergic reactions, and also in the understanding of the mechanisms of tolerance induction in AIT. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the current innovative approaches in AIT, but also gives an outlook on promising candidates of the future. On the basis of an extensive literature review, integrating a clinical point of view, this article focuses on recent and future innovations regarding biologicals, allergen-derived peptides, recombinant allergens, “Toll”-like receptor agonists and other adjuvants, and novel application routes being developed for future AIT.
AB - Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment option for patients with type 1–mediated allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis with/without allergic asthma. Although many innovations have been developed since the first clinical report of Noon et al in 1911, the improvement of clinical efficacy and tolerability of this treatment is still an important unmet need. Hence, much progress has been made in the characterization of the cell types, cytokines, and intracellular signaling events involved in the development, maintenance, and regulation of allergic reactions, and also in the understanding of the mechanisms of tolerance induction in AIT. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the current innovative approaches in AIT, but also gives an outlook on promising candidates of the future. On the basis of an extensive literature review, integrating a clinical point of view, this article focuses on recent and future innovations regarding biologicals, allergen-derived peptides, recombinant allergens, “Toll”-like receptor agonists and other adjuvants, and novel application routes being developed for future AIT.
KW - Allergen immunotherapy
KW - Biologicals
KW - Peptides
KW - Recombinant
KW - Review
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105715717&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85105715717&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.12.067
DO - 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.12.067
M3 - Article
C2 - 33966868
AN - SCOPUS:85105715717
SN - 2213-2198
VL - 9
SP - 1791
EP - 1803
JO - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
IS - 5
ER -