Obesity Duration, Severity, and Distribution Trajectories and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Laura M. Raffield, Annie Green Howard, Misa Graff, Dan Yu Lin, Susan Cheng, Ellen Demerath, Chiadi Ndumele, Priya Palta, Casey M. Rebholz, Sara Seidelmann, Bing Yu, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Kari E. North, Christy L. Avery

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Research examining the role of obesity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) often fails to adequately consider heterogeneity in obesity severity, distribution, and duration. METHODS AND RESULTS: We here use multivariate latent class mixed models in the biracial Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (N=14 514; mean age=54 years; 55% female) to associate obesity subclasses (derived from body mass index, waist circumference, self-reported weight at age 25, tricep skinfold, and calf circumference across up to four triennial visits) with total mortality, incident CVD, and CVD risk factors. We identified four obesity subclasses, summarized by their body mass index and waist circumference slope as decline (4.1%), stable/slow decline (67.8%), moderate increase (24.6%), and rapid increase (3.6%) subclasses. Compared with participants in the stable/slow decline subclass, the decline subclass was associated with elevated mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.31, 1.60, P<0.0001) and with heart failure (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.22, 1.63, P<0.0001), stroke (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.22, 1.92, P=0.0002), and coronary heart disease (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14, 1.63, P=0.0008), adjusting for baseline body mass index and CVD risk factor profile. The moderate increase latent class was not associated with any significant differences in CVD risk as compared to the stable/slow decline latent class and was associated with a lower overall risk of mortality (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80, 0.90, P<0.0001), despite higher body mass index at baseline. The rapid increase latent class was associated with a higher risk of heart failure versus the stable/slow decline latent class (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10, 1.62, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Consideration of heterogeneity and longitudinal changes in obesity measures is needed in clinical care for a more precision-oriented view of CVD risk.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere019946
JournalJournal of the American Heart Association
Volume10
Issue number24
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 21 2021

Keywords

  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Latent class models
  • Obesity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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