TY - JOUR
T1 - Nucleic acid-based marker approaches to urologic cancers
AU - Veltri, Robert W.
AU - Makarov, Danil V.
PY - 2006/11
Y1 - 2006/11
N2 - There are numerous molecular modifications known to occur in cancer. New nucleic acid-based biomarkers provide a unique approach to patient management in urologic oncology. Malignant transformation of a normal cell requires a series of epigenetic and genetic changes or "hits." Epigenetics produced by deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, adding a methyl group to the fifth position of cytosine within CpG dinucleotides, are important players in deoxyribonucleic acid repair, genome instability, and regulation of chromatin structure. Genetic alterations in cancer can include mutations, chromosome deletions, insertions, amplifications, and translocations. In addition, the modifications of telomeres are critical to the maintenance of chromatin structure, transcription, and cell function in cancer. We review only nucleic acid-based molecular biomarkers in urologic oncology that can assist the clinician in establishing the diagnosis of disease, or that can predict the behavior of the disease or the patient's survival.
AB - There are numerous molecular modifications known to occur in cancer. New nucleic acid-based biomarkers provide a unique approach to patient management in urologic oncology. Malignant transformation of a normal cell requires a series of epigenetic and genetic changes or "hits." Epigenetics produced by deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, adding a methyl group to the fifth position of cytosine within CpG dinucleotides, are important players in deoxyribonucleic acid repair, genome instability, and regulation of chromatin structure. Genetic alterations in cancer can include mutations, chromosome deletions, insertions, amplifications, and translocations. In addition, the modifications of telomeres are critical to the maintenance of chromatin structure, transcription, and cell function in cancer. We review only nucleic acid-based molecular biomarkers in urologic oncology that can assist the clinician in establishing the diagnosis of disease, or that can predict the behavior of the disease or the patient's survival.
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Epigenetic signatures
KW - Genetic signatures
KW - Molecular markers
KW - Nucleic acid markers
KW - Oncology
KW - Urology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33751347839&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33751347839&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.07.002
DO - 10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.07.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17138133
AN - SCOPUS:33751347839
SN - 1078-1439
VL - 24
SP - 510
EP - 527
JO - Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations
JF - Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations
IS - 6
ER -