Nonprimary PCI at hospitals without cardiac surgery on-site: Consistent outcomes for all?

Background The CPORT-E trial showed the noninferiority of nonprimary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at hospitals without cardiac surgery on-site (SoS) compared with hospitals with SoS for 6-week mortality and 9-month major adverse cardiac events (MACE). However, target vessel revascularization (TVR) was increased at non-SoS hospitals. Therefore, we aimed to determine the consistency of the CPORT-E trial findings across the spectrum of enrolled patients. Methods Post hoc subgroup analyses of 6-week mortality and 9-month MACE, defined as the composite of death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, or TVR, were performed. Patients with and without 9-month TVR and rates of related outcomes were compared. Results There was no interaction between SoS status and clinically relevant subgroups for 6-week mortality or 9-month MACE (P for any interaction =.421 and.062, respectively). In addition to increased 9-month rates of TVR and diagnostic catheterization at hospitals without SoS, non-TVR was also increased (2.7% vs 1.9%, P =.002); there was no difference in myocardial infarction–driven TVR, non-TVR, or diagnostic catheterization. Predictors of 9-month TVR included intra-aortic balloon pump use, any index PCI complication, and 3-vessel PCI, whereas predictors of freedom from TVR included SoS, discharge on a P2Y₁₂ inhibitor, and stent implantation. Conclusions The noninferiority of nonprimary PCI at non-SoS hospitals was consistent across clinically relevant subgroups. Elective PCI at an SoS hospital conferred a TVR benefit which may be related to a lower rate of referral for diagnostic catheterization for reasons other than myocardial infarction.