Nonimmune hydrops fetalis and hepatitis in a neonate with congenital human immunodeficiency virus infection

We present a case report of a term neonate with congenital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection born with nonimmune hydrops fetalis who developed hepatitis shortly after birth. Maternal HIV infection was diagnosed after delivery. An extensive evaluation for known causes of nonimmune hydrops, both infectious and noninfectious, was negative. After beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy, hepatitis resolved and the HIV viral load became undetectable. We believe this is the first report of nonimmune hydrops fetalis and hepatitis in an infant with congenital HIV infection.