@article{778efcc57d9f45fba8f973fc8296c9c1,
title = "No association between cortical lesions and leptomeningeal enhancement on 7-Tesla MRI in multiple sclerosis",
abstract = "Background: Autopsy data suggest a causative link between meningeal inflammation and cortical lesions (CLs) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To use leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) and CLs on 7-Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate associations between meningeal inflammation and cortical pathology. Methods: Forty-one participants with MS underwent 7T MRI of the brain. CLs and foci of LME were quantified. Results: All MS participants had CLs; 27 (65.8%) had >1 focus of LME. Except for hippocampal CL count (ρ = 0.32 with spread/fill-sulcal pattern LME, p = 0.042), no significant correlations were seen between LME and CLs. Mean cortical thickness correlated with the number of LME foci (ρ = –0.43, p = 0.005). Participants with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) showed no correlation with neocortical CLs, but significant correlations were seen between LME and hippocampal lesion count (ρ = 0.39, p = 0.030), normalized cortical gray matter (GM) volume (ρ = –0.49, p = 0.005), and mean cortical thickness (ρ = –0.59, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study supports a relationship between LME and cortical GM atrophy but does not support an association of LME and neocortical CLs. This may indicate that meningeal inflammation is involved with neurodegenerative inflammatory processes, rather than focal lesion development.",
keywords = "7 Tesla, 7T MRI, Leptomeningeal enhancement, cortical lesions, hippocampal lesions, meningeal inflammation, multiple sclerosis",
author = "Mehrnaz Ighani and Samuel Jonas and Izlem Izbudak and Seongjin Choi and Alfonso Lema-Dopico and Jun Hua and O{\textquoteright}Connor, {Erin E.} and Harrison, {Daniel M.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study supports a relationship between LME and cortical GM atrophy but does not support an association of LME and neocortical CLs. This may indicate that meningeal inflammation is involved with neurodegenerative inflammatory processes, rather than focal lesion development. Leptomeningeal enhancement meningeal inflammation cortical lesions hippocampal lesions multiple sclerosis 7T MRI 7 Tesla National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke https://doi.org/10.13039/100000065 1R01NS104403-01 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke https://doi.org/10.13039/100000065 NINDS 1K23NS072366-01A1 EMD Serono https://doi.org/10.13039/100004755 edited-state corrected-proof The authors would like to thank the MRI technicians at the Kirby Center for their work to safely and effectively perform the MRI scans used in this analysis and also thank the study coordinators and study nurses, Julie Fiol and Kerry Naunton, without whom this work would not be possible. Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: M.I., S.J., A.L.-D., S.C., and J.H. have nothing to disclose. I.I. has received research support from Siemens and Biogen and consulting fees from Alexion. E.E.O. has received research support from NIA 3R01 AG034852-08S1. D.M.H. has received research support from EMD Serono and Genentech and consulting fees from UpToDate, Inc., American College of Physicians, EMD Serono, Genentech, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Biogen. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was funded in part by grants from EMD Serono and the National Institutes of Health (NINDS 1K23NS072366-01A1; PI: Harrison). Time for data analysis was also supported by NINDS 1R01NS104403-01 (PI: Harrison). ORCID iD Daniel M Harrison https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-2004 Supplemental Material Supplemental material for this article is available online. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the MRI technicians at the Kirby Center for their work to safely and effectively perform the MRI scans used in this analysis and also thank the study coordinators and study nurses, Julie Fiol and Kerry Naunton, without whom this work would not be possible. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was funded in part by grants from EMD Serono and the National Institutes of Health (NINDS 1K23NS072366-01A1; PI: Harrison). Time for data analysis was also supported by NINDS 1R01NS104403-01 (PI: Harrison) and National Multiple Sclerosis Society pilot grant PP-1804-30760 (PI: Harrison). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2019.",
year = "2020",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/1352458519876037",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "26",
pages = "165--176",
journal = "Multiple Sclerosis",
issn = "1352-4585",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "2",
}