TY - JOUR
T1 - Neonatal sex steroids affect responses to Seoul virus infection in male but not female Norway rats
AU - Klein, Sabra L.
AU - Marson, Aimee L.
AU - Scott, Alan L.
AU - Ketner, Gary
AU - Glass, Gregory E.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Connie Schmaljohn, Cindy Rossi, and Kristin Spik for providing the hantavirus reagents and the vector containing the cloned S segment of Seoul virus. We thank Brian Hjelle and Jason Botten for assistance with real-time RT-PCR development and Rebecca Friedman for assistance with the ELISAs. Finally, we thank Randy Nelson for helpful suggestions about neonatal hormone manipulation and Art Arnold for useful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Financial support provided by NASA grant NCC5-305 (G.E.G) and NIH NRSA AI 10324 (S.L.K.).
PY - 2002
Y1 - 2002
N2 - Previous studies illustrate that after inoculation with Seoul virus (i.e., the naturally occurring hantavirus found in Norway rats), adult male rats produce higher antibody responses, exhibit higher Th1 responses (i.e., IgG2a, IL-2, and IFNγ), and shed virus longer than females, but these difference are not altered by manipulation of sex steroids in adulthood. To determine whether sex steroid hormones organize adult responses to hantavirus infection, at 2-4 days of age, male rats were gonadectomized and female rats were injected with testosterone. As adults, animals were inoculated with 104 pfu of Seoul virus. Neonatally gonadectomized males (NGM), control females (CF), and neonatal testosterone-treated females (NTF) had lower anti-Seoul virus IgG and IgG2a responses than control males (CM) 20, 30, and 40 days post-inoculation. Neonatal testosterone treatment had no effect on female antibody responses to infection. NGM, CF, and NTF shed virus in saliva and feces for a shorter duration than CM. There was no effect of neonatal hormone manipulation either on the percentage of animals with detectable virus or on the number of virus copies within each target organ. Genetic males, regardless of hormone manipulation, had higher virus replication in lung tissue than did genetic females. Neonatal sex steroids influence the sexual dimorphism in host immune function but do not modify virus replication in target tissues.
AB - Previous studies illustrate that after inoculation with Seoul virus (i.e., the naturally occurring hantavirus found in Norway rats), adult male rats produce higher antibody responses, exhibit higher Th1 responses (i.e., IgG2a, IL-2, and IFNγ), and shed virus longer than females, but these difference are not altered by manipulation of sex steroids in adulthood. To determine whether sex steroid hormones organize adult responses to hantavirus infection, at 2-4 days of age, male rats were gonadectomized and female rats were injected with testosterone. As adults, animals were inoculated with 104 pfu of Seoul virus. Neonatally gonadectomized males (NGM), control females (CF), and neonatal testosterone-treated females (NTF) had lower anti-Seoul virus IgG and IgG2a responses than control males (CM) 20, 30, and 40 days post-inoculation. Neonatal testosterone treatment had no effect on female antibody responses to infection. NGM, CF, and NTF shed virus in saliva and feces for a shorter duration than CM. There was no effect of neonatal hormone manipulation either on the percentage of animals with detectable virus or on the number of virus copies within each target organ. Genetic males, regardless of hormone manipulation, had higher virus replication in lung tissue than did genetic females. Neonatal sex steroids influence the sexual dimorphism in host immune function but do not modify virus replication in target tissues.
KW - Activational
KW - Estradiol
KW - Hantavirus
KW - Organizational
KW - Real-time RT-PCR
KW - Sex difference
KW - Testosterone
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U2 - 10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00026-0
DO - 10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00026-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 12480503
AN - SCOPUS:0036915352
SN - 0889-1591
VL - 16
SP - 736
EP - 746
JO - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
JF - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
IS - 6
ER -