National Sleep Foundation's updated sleep duration recommendations: Final report

Max Hirshkowitz; Kaitlyn Whiton; Steven M. Albert; Cathy Alessi; Oliviero Bruni; Lydia DonCarlos; Nancy Hazen; John Herman; Paula J. Adams Hillard; Eliot S. Katz; Leila Kheirandish-Gozal; David N. Neubauer; Anne E. O'Donnell; Maurice Ohayon; John Peever; Robert Rawding; Ramesh C. Sachdeva; Belinda Setters; Michael V. Vitiello; J. Catesby Ware

doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.10.004

National Sleep Foundation's updated sleep duration recommendations: Final report

Max Hirshkowitz, Kaitlyn Whiton, Steven M. Albert, Cathy Alessi, Oliviero Bruni, Lydia DonCarlos, Nancy Hazen, John Herman, Paula J. Adams Hillard, Eliot S. Katz, Leila Kheirandish-Gozal, David N. Neubauer, Anne E. O'Donnell, Maurice Ohayon, John Peever, Robert Rawding, Ramesh C. Sachdeva, Belinda Setters, Michael V. Vitiello, J. Catesby Ware

School of Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

578 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: To make scientifically sound and practical recommendations for daily sleep duration across the life span. Methods: The National Sleep Foundation convened a multidisciplinary expert panel ("Panel") with broad representation from leading stakeholder organizations. The Panel evaluated the latest scientific evidence and participated in a formal consensus and voting process. Then, the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to formulate sleep duration recommendations. Results: The Panel made sleep duration recommendations for 9 age groups. Sleep duration ranges, expressed as hours of sleep per day, were designated as recommended, may be appropriate, or not recommended. Recommended sleep durations are as follows: 14-17 hours for newborns, 12-15 hours for infants, 11-14 hours for toddlers, 10-13 hours for preschoolers, 9-11 hours for school-aged children, and 8-10 hours for teenagers. Seven to 9 hours is recommended for young adults and adults, and 7-8 hours of sleep is recommended for older adults. The self-designated basis for duration selection and critical discussions are also provided. Conclusions: Consensus for sleep duration recommendations was reached for specific age groupings. Consensus using a multidisciplinary expert Panel lends robust credibility to the results. Finally, limitations and caveats of these recommendations are discussed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	233-243
Number of pages	11
Journal	Sleep Health
Volume	1
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2015.10.004
State	Published - Dec 1 2015

Keywords

Life span sleep
National Sleep Foundation
RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method
Sleep adequacy
Sleep by age
Sleep duration
Sleep need
Sleep sufficiency
Sleep time recommendations

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Behavioral Neuroscience

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10.1016/j.sleh.2015.10.004

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Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Adams Hillard, P. J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O'Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., & Ware, J. C. (2015). National Sleep Foundation's updated sleep duration recommendations: Final report. Sleep Health, 1(4), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2015.10.004

Hirshkowitz, M, Whiton, K, Albert, SM, Alessi, C, Bruni, O, DonCarlos, L, Hazen, N, Herman, J, Adams Hillard, PJ, Katz, ES, Kheirandish-Gozal, L, Neubauer, DN, O'Donnell, AE, Ohayon, M, Peever, J, Rawding, R, Sachdeva, RC, Setters, B, Vitiello, MV & Ware, JC 2015, 'National Sleep Foundation's updated sleep duration recommendations: Final report', Sleep Health, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2015.10.004

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AU - Alessi, Cathy

AU - Bruni, Oliviero

AU - DonCarlos, Lydia

AU - Hazen, Nancy

AU - Herman, John

AU - Adams Hillard, Paula J.

AU - Katz, Eliot S.

AU - Kheirandish-Gozal, Leila

AU - Neubauer, David N.

AU - O'Donnell, Anne E.

AU - Ohayon, Maurice

AU - Peever, John

AU - Rawding, Robert

AU - Sachdeva, Ramesh C.

AU - Setters, Belinda

AU - Vitiello, Michael V.

AU - Ware, J. Catesby

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ER -

National Sleep Foundation's updated sleep duration recommendations: Final report

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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