Myocardial contrast echocardiography: Influence of ischaemia and hyperaemia in an animal model

To evaluate changes in myocardial contrast echocardiography during ischaemia and hyperaemia, contrast studies were performed in 16 open chest dogs. Time-intensity curves were generated using videodensitometry after contrast injections to demonstrate ischaemic and non-ischaemic areas of interest during a wide range of coronary blood flow levels. For each time-intensity curve, the peak contrast intensity (PCI), washout halftime (T_1/22) and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. PCI and AUC decreased significantly only with severe ischaemia (90% or more reduction in flow), and increased significantly with hyperaemia of more than 2.5 times baseline flow. Both ischaemia and hyperaemia were found to prolong the T_1/2. There was only a moderate linear correlation between the magnitude of hyperaemia and myocardial contrast echocardiographic parameters. There was significantly less increase in myocardial contrast echocardiographic parameters during hyperaemia in segments supplied by a stenosed coronary artery.