@article{ee7194103e72484197d00d7d51a5d6bb,
title = "Multiple reassortment events among highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses detected in Bangladesh",
abstract = "In Bangladesh, little is known about the genomic composition and antigenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses, their geographic distribution, temporal patterns, or gene flow within the avian host population. Forty highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses isolated from humans and poultry in Bangladesh between 2008 and 2012 were analyzed by full genome sequencing and antigenic characterization. The analysis included viruses collected from avian hosts and environmental sampling in live bird markets, backyard poultry flocks, outbreak investigations in wild birds or poultry and from three human cases. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the ancestors of these viruses reassorted (1) with other gene lineages of the same clade, (2) between different clades and (3) with low pathogenicity avian influenza A virus subtypes. Bayesian estimates of the time of most recent common ancestry, combined with geographic information, provided evidence of probable routes and timelines of virus spread into and out of Bangladesh.",
keywords = "Antigenicity, Avian influenza, Bangladesh, Evolution, Orthomyxovirus, Phylogenetics, Reassortment",
author = "Gerloff, {Nancy A.} and Khan, {Salah Uddin} and Amanda Balish and Shanta, {Ireen S.} and Natosha Simpson and Berman, {La Shondra} and Najmul Haider and Poh, {Mee Kian} and Ausraful Islam and Emily Gurley and Hasnat, {Md Abdul} and T. Dey and Bo Shu and Shannon Emery and Stephen Lindstrom and Ainul Haque and Alexander Klimov and Julie Villanueva and Mahmudur Rahman and Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner and {Ziaur Rahman}, Md and Luby, {Stephen P.} and Nord Zeidner and Donis, {Ruben O.} and Katharine Sturm-Ramirez and Davis, {C. Todd}",
note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the authors, and the originating and submitting laboratories of the sequences from GISAID's EpiFluTM Database, which were used in this analysis. The virus A/chicken/Bangladesh/11RS-1984-30/2011 subtype H5N1 was kindly provided by G. Cattoli, Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Italy. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy. Icddr,b is funded by project U01/CI000628-05, a cooperative agreement with CDC. We thank the EcoHealth Alliance for financial support of staff involved in sample collection, which was funded by NIH/NSF Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases award from the Fogarty International Center ( 3R01-TW005869 ). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. ",
year = "2014",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1016/j.virol.2013.12.023",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "450-451",
pages = "297--307",
journal = "Virology",
issn = "0042-6822",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}