Mucosal priming with a replicating-vaccinia virus-based vaccine elicits protective immunity to simian immunodeficiency virus challenge in rhesus monkeys

Caijun Sun, Zhiwei Chen, Xian Tang, Yinfeng Zhang, Liqiang Feng, Yanhua Du, Lijun Xiao, Li Liu, Weijun Zhu, Ling Chen, Linqi Zhang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

30 Scopus citations

Abstract

Mucosal surfaces are not targeted by most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines, despite being major routes for HIV-1 transmission. Here we report a novel vaccination regimen consisting of a mucosalprime with a modified replicating vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (MVTTSIVgpe) and an intramuscular boost with a nonreplicating adenovirus strain (Ad5SIVgpe). This regimen elicited robust cellular immune responses with enhanced magnitudes, sustainability, and polyfunctionality, as well as higher titers of neutralizing antibodies against the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac1A11 in rhesus monkeys. The reductions in peak and set-point viral loads were significant in most animals, with one other animal being protected fully from highdose intrarectal inoculation of SIVmac239. Furthermore, the animals vaccinated with this regimen were healthy, while~75% of control animals developed simian AIDS. The protective effects correlated with the vaccine-elicited SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses against Gag and Pol. Our study provides a novel strategy for developing an HIV-1 vaccine by using the combination of a replicating vector and mucosal priming.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)5669-5677
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of virology
Volume87
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2013
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Insect Science
  • Virology

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