TY - JOUR
T1 - Minimally invasive saliva testing to monitor norovirus infection in community settings
AU - Pisanic, Nora
AU - Ballard, Sarah Blythe
AU - Colquechagua, Fabiola D.
AU - François, Ruthly
AU - Exum, Natalie
AU - Yori, Pablo Peñataro
AU - Schwab, Kellogg J.
AU - Granger, Douglas A.
AU - Detrick, Barbara
AU - Olortegui, Maribel Paredes
AU - Mayta, Holger
AU - Sánchez, Gerardo J.
AU - Gilman, Robert H.
AU - Heaney, Christopher D.
AU - Vinjé, Jan
AU - Kosek, Margaret N.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Author(s).
PY - 2019/4/8
Y1 - 2019/4/8
N2 - Background. Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Routine norovirus diagnosis requires stool collection. Te goal of this study was to develop and validate a noninvasive method to diagnose norovirus to complement stool diagnostics and to facilitate studies on transmission. Methods. A multiplex immunoassay to measure salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to 5 common norovirus genotypes (GI.1, GII.2, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.17) was developed. Te assay was validated using acute and convalescent saliva samples collected from Peruvian children <5 years of age with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-diagnosed norovirus infections (n = 175) and controls (n = 32). Te assay sensitivity and specifcity were calculated to determine infection status based on fold rise of salivary norovirus genotype-specifc IgG using norovirus genotype from stool as reference. Results. Te salivary assay detected recent norovirus infections and correctly assigned the infecting genotype. Sensitivity was 71% and specifcity was 96% across the evaluated genotypes compared to PCR-diagnosed norovirus infection. Conclusions. Tis saliva-based assay will be a useful tool to monitor norovirus transmission in high-risk settings such as daycare centers or hospitals. Cross-reactivity is limited between the tested genotypes, which represent the most commonly circulating genotypes.
AB - Background. Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Routine norovirus diagnosis requires stool collection. Te goal of this study was to develop and validate a noninvasive method to diagnose norovirus to complement stool diagnostics and to facilitate studies on transmission. Methods. A multiplex immunoassay to measure salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to 5 common norovirus genotypes (GI.1, GII.2, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.17) was developed. Te assay was validated using acute and convalescent saliva samples collected from Peruvian children <5 years of age with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-diagnosed norovirus infections (n = 175) and controls (n = 32). Te assay sensitivity and specifcity were calculated to determine infection status based on fold rise of salivary norovirus genotype-specifc IgG using norovirus genotype from stool as reference. Results. Te salivary assay detected recent norovirus infections and correctly assigned the infecting genotype. Sensitivity was 71% and specifcity was 96% across the evaluated genotypes compared to PCR-diagnosed norovirus infection. Conclusions. Tis saliva-based assay will be a useful tool to monitor norovirus transmission in high-risk settings such as daycare centers or hospitals. Cross-reactivity is limited between the tested genotypes, which represent the most commonly circulating genotypes.
KW - MAL-ED
KW - Multiplex immunoassay
KW - Noninvasive diagnostics
KW - Norovirus
KW - Saliva
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U2 - 10.1093/infdis/jiy638
DO - 10.1093/infdis/jiy638
M3 - Article
C2 - 30517651
AN - SCOPUS:85064512479
SN - 0022-1899
VL - 219
SP - 1234
EP - 1242
JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases
IS - 8
ER -