Metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, and erectile dysfunction: Association and management

The metabolic syndrome, the criteria for which include glucose intolerance, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, has rapidly become understood to have a major association with erectile dysfunction (ED). On a mechanistic level, their common grounds may involve endothelial dysfunction, although the conditions of oxidative stress understood to be a pathologic element of the syndrome also may affect various components of the vascular biology of the penis. The foremost importance of recognizing the association between ED and the metabolic syndrome is that addressing ED presentations may afford opportunities to identify and improve a major adverse health profile and thereby promote health maintenance objectives for patients.