Abstract
Background: Several scales have been proposed to clinically evaluate the Motor Severity of Blepharospasm (BSP) but information about their measurement properties as a multicenter instrument is limited. Objective: To compare the measurement properties of four clinical scales in rating the severity of BSP in a large sample of patients from multiple sites. Methods: The Burke–Fahn–Marsden Scale (BFMS), the Global Dystonia Severity Rating Scale (GDRS), the Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS), and the Blepharospasm Severity Rating Scale (BSRS) were administered to 211 patients across 10 sites who were also requested to self-complete the Blepharospasm Disability Index (BDI). Measurement properties to be assessed included inter−/intra-observer agreement, item-to-total correlation, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effect, convergent/discriminant validity, and adherence to the distribution of BDI. Results: The BFMS had unsatisfactory measurement properties, the GDRS had acceptable reliability but other properties could not be completely testable; the JRS had satisfactory measurement properties but the scale did not accurately reflect the distribution of disability parameter (BDI) in the sample, and the BSRS had satisfactory measurement properties and also showed the best adherence to the distribution of BDI in the assessed sample. Conclusion: The comparison of the measurement properties of four rating scales to assess the motor state of the BSP in a large sample of patients from multiple sites showed that the GDRS should be used to simultaneously assess BSP and dystonia in other body parts, while the JRS (easier to use) and BSRS (better to discriminate severity) should be used to assess BSP alone.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 949-955 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Movement Disorders Clinical Practice |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue number | 7 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 2022 |
Keywords
- Blepharospasm
- dystonia
- measurement properties
- rating scale
- severity of illness index
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Clinical Neurology
- Neurology
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In: Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, Vol. 9, No. 7, 10.2022, p. 949-955.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Measurement Properties of Clinical Scales Rating the Severity of Blepharospasm
T2 - A Multicenter Observational Study
AU - Defazio, Giovanni
AU - Hallett, Mark
AU - Berardelli, Alfredo
AU - Perlmutter, Joel S.
AU - Berman, Brian D.
AU - Jankovic, Joseph
AU - Bäumer, Tobias
AU - Comella, Cynthia
AU - Ercoli, Tommaso
AU - Ferrazzano, Gina
AU - Fox, Susan H.
AU - Kim, Han Joon
AU - Moukheiber, Emile Sami
AU - Pirio Richardson, Sarah
AU - Weissbach, Anne
AU - Gigante, Angelo F.
AU - Jinnah, Hyder A.
N1 - Funding Information: M. Hallett is an inventor of patents held by NIH for an immunotoxin for the treatment of focal movement disorders and the H-coil for magnetic stimulation; in relation to the latter, he has received license fee payments from the NIH (from Brainsway). He is on the Medical Advisory Boards of CALA Health and Brainsway (both unpaid positions). He is on the Editorial Board of approximately 15 journals and receives royalties and/or honoraria from publishing from Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, Springer, Wiley, Wolters Kluwer, and Elsevier. He has research grants from Medtronic, Inc. for a study of DBS for dystonia and CALA Health for studies of a device to suppress tremor. JS Perlmutter has received research grant support from NIH (NCRR/NCATS, UNM CTSC KL21TR001448-01 and UL1TR001449) and Dystonia Coalition Projects (NIH/NINDS/ORDR) and has received publishing royalties from Springer; G. Berkmen reports no disclosure; B. Berman has received research grant support from the Dystonia Coalition (receives the majority of its support through NIH grant NS065701 from the Office of Rare Diseases Research in the National Center for Advancing Translational Science and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke), Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation, Colorado Clinical & Translational Science Institute and Center for Neuroscience, Tools4Patient, Parkinson's Foundation, and Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine. He is on the medical advisory board of the Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation and the National Spasmodic Torticollis Association. Brian Berman received research grant support within last 12 months from the Dystonia Coalition (through NIH grant NS065701 from the Office of Rare Diseases Research in the National Center for Advancing Translational Science and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke), Parkinson's Foundation, VCU School of Medicine, the Administration for Community Living and Dystonia Medical Research Foundation; honoraria from the MedLink Corporation and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society; and consultancies from AbbVie Inc. J Jankovic has received research/training funding from AbbVie Inc; Acadia Pharmaceuticals; Allergan, Inc; Biotek; Cerevel Therapeutics; CHDI Foundation; Dystonia Coalition; Emalex Biosciences, Inc; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Huntington Study Group; Medtronic Neuromodulation; Merz Pharmaceuticals; Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson Research; National Institutes of Health; Neuraly, Inc.; Neurocrine Biosciences; Parkinson's Foundation; Parkinson Study Group; Prilenia Therapeutics; Revance Therapeutics, Inc; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Dr. Jankovic has served as a consultant for Eon BioPharma; Nuvelution Pharma, Inc; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Dr. Jankovic has received royalties from Cambridge; Elsevier; Medlink: Neurology; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; Wiley-Blackwell; C. Comella serves on the editorial board of Clinical Neuropharmacology and Sleep Medicine. She receives compensation/honoraria for services as a consultant or an advisory committee member: Acorda Therapeutics, Allergan, Inc; Lundbeck Ltd.; Merz Pharmaceuticals; Acadia Pharmaceuticals; Ipsen Pharmaceuticals, Jazz. Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., Revance Therapeutic, Sunovion., EON Biopharma. She receives royalties from Cambridge University Press and Wolters Kluwer. She receives research support from the Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Susan Fox has received clinic support from the Edmond J. Safra Foundation for Parkinson Research; Parkinson Foundation and the Toronto Western and General Foundation; salary from UHN Dept of Medicine Practice Plan; research Funding from Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson Research, NIH (Dystonia Coalition); Parkinson Canada; honoraria from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society; Consultancy/Speaker fees from Alexion; Bial, Merck; Pharma 2B; Sunovion; Teva; Paladin; royalties from Oxford University Press. She was site PI for Clinical Trials for Alexion, Biotie, Eisai, Pharma2B, Revance. HJ Kim received travel grant support from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society and Korean Movement Disorder Society and research grants support from the Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion, Seoul National University Hospital, New York University, and C-TRI. A Weissbach received funding from the Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation (EKFS, 2018_A55) and the German Research Foundation (DFG, WE 5919/2-1). S Pirio Richardson has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (P20 GM109899; U54 NS116025), Department of Defense (W81XWH-19-CTRR-CTA); Pharma 2B; Addex and Eon. HA Jinnah has active or recent grant support from the US government (National Institutes of Health), private philanthropic organizations (Cure Dystonia Now), and industry (Revance Therapeutics, Inc.). Dr. Jinnah has also served on advisory boards or as a consultant for Addex, Allergan, CoA Therapeutics, Cavion Therapeutics, EnePharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Retrophin, Revance, and Takaha Pharmaceuticals. He has received honoraria or stipends for lectures or administrative work from the International Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Society. Dr. Jinnah serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards for several private foundations including the Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation, Cure Dystonia Now, the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, the Tourette Association of America, and Tyler's Hope for a Cure. He also is principal investigator for the Dystonia Coalition, which has received the majority of its support through the NIH (grants NS116025, NS065701 from the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke TR 001456 from the Office of Rare Diseases Research at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences). The Dystonia Coalition has received additional material or administrative support from industry sponsors (Allergan Inc. and Merz Pharmaceuticals) as well as private foundations (The Benign Essential Blepharospasm Foundation, Cure Dystonia Now, The Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, and The National Spasmodic Dysphonia Association). Angelo F. Gigante, E. Moukheiber, T. Ercoli, T. Baumer, A. Berardelli, G. Defazio, and G. Ferrazzano report no disclosures. We received institutional approval from the Internal Review Boards of all participating clinical sites. All subjects gave written informed consent at the recruiting site according to the Declaration of Helsinki and The Common Rule. We confirm that we have read the Journal's position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this work is consistent with those guidelines. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest relevant to this work. This work was supported in part by NIH grant NS119831 and NIH grants to The Dystonia Coalition (NS065701, TR001456, NS116025) which is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Rare Disease Clinical Research Network (RDCRN), supported by the Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) at the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), and the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS). M. Hallett is an inventor of patents held by NIH for an immunotoxin for the treatment of focal movement disorders and the H-coil for magnetic stimulation; in relation to the latter, he has received license fee payments from the NIH (from Brainsway). He is on the Medical Advisory Boards of CALA Health and Brainsway (both unpaid positions). He is on the Editorial Board of approximately 15 journals and receives royalties and/or honoraria from publishing from Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, Springer, Wiley, Wolters Kluwer, and Elsevier. He has research grants from Medtronic, Inc. for a study of DBS for dystonia and CALA Health for studies of a device to suppress tremor. JS Perlmutter has received research grant support from NIH (NCRR/NCATS, UNM CTSC KL21TR001448-01 and UL1TR001449) and Dystonia Coalition Projects (NIH/NINDS/ORDR) and has received publishing royalties from Springer; G. Berkmen reports no disclosure; B. Berman has received research grant support from the Dystonia Coalition (receives the majority of its support through NIH grant NS065701 from the Office of Rare Diseases Research in the National Center for Advancing Translational Science and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke), Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation, Colorado Clinical & Translational Science Institute and Center for Neuroscience, Tools4Patient, Parkinson's Foundation, and Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine. He is on the medical advisory board of the Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation and the National Spasmodic Torticollis Association. Brian Berman received research grant support within last 12 months from the Dystonia Coalition (through NIH grant NS065701 from the Office of Rare Diseases Research in the National Center for Advancing Translational Science and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke), Parkinson's Foundation, VCU School of Medicine, the Administration for Community Living and Dystonia Medical Research Foundation; honoraria from the MedLink Corporation and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society; and consultancies from AbbVie Inc. J Jankovic has received research/training funding from AbbVie Inc; Acadia Pharmaceuticals; Allergan, Inc; Biotek; Cerevel Therapeutics; CHDI Foundation; Dystonia Coalition; Emalex Biosciences, Inc; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Huntington Study Group; Medtronic Neuromodulation; Merz Pharmaceuticals; Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson Research; National Institutes of Health; Neuraly, Inc.; Neurocrine Biosciences; Parkinson's Foundation; Parkinson Study Group; Prilenia Therapeutics; Revance Therapeutics, Inc; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Dr. Jankovic has served as a consultant for Eon BioPharma; Nuvelution Pharma, Inc; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Dr. Jankovic has received royalties from Cambridge; Elsevier; Medlink: Neurology; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; Wiley-Blackwell; C. Comella serves on the editorial board of Clinical Neuropharmacology and Sleep Medicine. She receives compensation/honoraria for services as a consultant or an advisory committee member: Acorda Therapeutics, Allergan, Inc; Lundbeck Ltd.; Merz Pharmaceuticals; Acadia Pharmaceuticals; Ipsen Pharmaceuticals, Jazz. Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., Revance Therapeutic, Sunovion., EON Biopharma. She receives royalties from Cambridge University Press and Wolters Kluwer. She receives research support from the Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Susan Fox has received clinic support from the Edmond J. Safra Foundation for Parkinson Research; Parkinson Foundation and the Toronto Western and General Foundation; salary from UHN Dept of Medicine Practice Plan; research Funding from Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson Research, NIH (Dystonia Coalition); Parkinson Canada; honoraria from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society; Consultancy/Speaker fees from Alexion; Bial, Merck; Pharma 2B; Sunovion; Teva; Paladin; royalties from Oxford University Press. She was site PI for Clinical Trials for Alexion, Biotie, Eisai, Pharma2B, Revance. HJ Kim received travel grant support from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society and Korean Movement Disorder Society and research grants support from the Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion, Seoul National University Hospital, New York University, and C-TRI. A Weissbach received funding from the Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation (EKFS, 2018_A55) and the German Research Foundation (DFG, WE 5919/2-1). S Pirio Richardson has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (P20 GM109899; U54 NS116025), Department of Defense (W81XWH-19-CTRR-CTA); Pharma 2B; Addex and Eon. HA Jinnah has active or recent grant support from the US government (National Institutes of Health), private philanthropic organizations (Cure Dystonia Now), and industry (Revance Therapeutics, Inc.). Dr. Jinnah has also served on advisory boards or as a consultant for Addex, Allergan, CoA Therapeutics, Cavion Therapeutics, EnePharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Retrophin, Revance, and Takaha Pharmaceuticals. He has received honoraria or stipends for lectures or administrative work from the International Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Society. Dr. Jinnah serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards for several private foundations including the Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation, Cure Dystonia Now, the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, the Tourette Association of America, and Tyler's Hope for a Cure. He also is principal investigator for the Dystonia Coalition, which has received the majority of its support through the NIH (grants NS116025, NS065701 from the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke TR 001456 from the Office of Rare Diseases Research at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences). The Dystonia Coalition has received additional material or administrative support from industry sponsors (Allergan Inc. and Merz Pharmaceuticals) as well as private foundations (The Benign Essential Blepharospasm Foundation, Cure Dystonia Now, The Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, and The National Spasmodic Dysphonia Association). Angelo F. Gigante, E. Moukheiber, T. Ercoli, T. Baumer, A. Berardelli, G. Defazio, and G. Ferrazzano report no disclosures. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest relevant to this work. This work was supported in part by NIH grant NS119831 and NIH grants to The Dystonia Coalition (NS065701, TR001456, NS116025) which is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Rare Disease Clinical Research Network (RDCRN), supported by the Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) at the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), and the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS). Funding Information: M. Hallett is an inventor of patents held by NIH for an immunotoxin for the treatment of focal movement disorders and the H‐coil for magnetic stimulation; in relation to the latter, he has received license fee payments from the NIH (from Brainsway). He is on the Medical Advisory Boards of CALA Health and Brainsway (both unpaid positions). He is on the Editorial Board of approximately 15 journals and receives royalties and/or honoraria from publishing from Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, Springer, Wiley, Wolters Kluwer, and Elsevier. He has research grants from Medtronic, Inc. for a study of DBS for dystonia and CALA Health for studies of a device to suppress tremor. JS Perlmutter has received research grant support from NIH (NCRR/NCATS, UNM CTSC KL21TR001448‐01 and UL1TR001449) and Dystonia Coalition Projects (NIH/NINDS/ORDR) and has received publishing royalties from Springer; G. Berkmen reports no disclosure; B. Berman has received research grant support from the Dystonia Coalition (receives the majority of its support through NIH grant NS065701 from the Office of Rare Diseases Research in the National Center for Advancing Translational Science and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke), Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation, Colorado Clinical & Translational Science Institute and Center for Neuroscience, Tools4Patient, Parkinson's Foundation, and Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine. He is on the medical advisory board of the Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation and the National Spasmodic Torticollis Association. Brian Berman received research grant support within last 12 months from the Dystonia Coalition (through NIH grant NS065701 from the Office of Rare Diseases Research in the National Center for Advancing Translational Science and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke), Parkinson's Foundation, VCU School of Medicine, the Administration for Community Living and Dystonia Medical Research Foundation; honoraria from the MedLink Corporation and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society; and consultancies from AbbVie Inc. J Jankovic has received research/training funding from AbbVie Inc; Acadia Pharmaceuticals; Allergan, Inc; Biotek; Cerevel Therapeutics; CHDI Foundation; Dystonia Coalition; Emalex Biosciences, Inc; F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd; Huntington Study Group; Medtronic Neuromodulation; Merz Pharmaceuticals; Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson Research; National Institutes of Health; Neuraly, Inc.; Neurocrine Biosciences; Parkinson's Foundation; Parkinson Study Group; Prilenia Therapeutics; Revance Therapeutics, Inc; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Dr. Jankovic has served as a consultant for Eon BioPharma; Nuvelution Pharma, Inc; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Dr. Jankovic has received royalties from Cambridge; Elsevier; Medlink: Neurology; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; Wiley‐Blackwell; C. Comella serves on the editorial board of Clinical Neuropharmacology and Sleep Medicine. She receives compensation/honoraria for services as a consultant or an advisory committee member: Acorda Therapeutics, Allergan, Inc; Lundbeck Ltd.; Merz Pharmaceuticals; Acadia Pharmaceuticals; Ipsen Pharmaceuticals, Jazz. Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., Revance Therapeutic, Sunovion., EON Biopharma. She receives royalties from Cambridge University Press and Wolters Kluwer. She receives research support from the Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Susan Fox has received clinic support from the Edmond J. Safra Foundation for Parkinson Research; Parkinson Foundation and the Toronto Western and General Foundation; salary from UHN Dept of Medicine Practice Plan; research Funding from Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson Research, NIH (Dystonia Coalition); Parkinson Canada; honoraria from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society; Consultancy/Speaker fees from Alexion; Bial, Merck; Pharma 2B; Sunovion; Teva; Paladin; royalties from Oxford University Press. She was site PI for Clinical Trials for Alexion, Biotie, Eisai, Pharma2B, Revance. HJ Kim received travel grant support from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society and Korean Movement Disorder Society and research grants support from the Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion, Seoul National University Hospital, New York University, and C‐TRI. A Weissbach received funding from the Else Kröner‐Fresenius Foundation (EKFS, 2018_A55) and the German Research Foundation (DFG, WE 5919/2‐1). S Pirio Richardson has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (P20 GM109899; U54 NS116025), Department of Defense (W81XWH‐19‐CTRR‐CTA); Pharma 2B; Addex and Eon. HA Jinnah has active or recent grant support from the US government (National Institutes of Health), private philanthropic organizations (Cure Dystonia Now), and industry (Revance Therapeutics, Inc.). Dr. Jinnah has also served on advisory boards or as a consultant for Addex, Allergan, CoA Therapeutics, Cavion Therapeutics, EnePharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Retrophin, Revance, and Takaha Pharmaceuticals. He has received honoraria or stipends for lectures or administrative work from the International Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Society. Dr. Jinnah serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards for several private foundations including the Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation, Cure Dystonia Now, the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, the Tourette Association of America, and Tyler's Hope for a Cure. He also is principal investigator for the Dystonia Coalition, which has received the majority of its support through the NIH (grants NS116025, NS065701 from the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke TR 001456 from the Office of Rare Diseases Research at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences). The Dystonia Coalition has received additional material or administrative support from industry sponsors (Allergan Inc. and Merz Pharmaceuticals) as well as private foundations (The Benign Essential Blepharospasm Foundation, Cure Dystonia Now, The Dystonia Medical Research Foundation, and The National Spasmodic Dysphonia Association). Angelo F. Gigante, E. Moukheiber, T. Ercoli, T. Baumer, A. Berardelli, G. Defazio, and G. Ferrazzano report no disclosures. Funding Information: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest relevant to this work. This work was supported in part by NIH grant NS119831 and NIH grants to The Dystonia Coalition (NS065701, TR001456, NS116025) which is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Rare Disease Clinical Research Network (RDCRN), supported by the Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) at the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), and the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - Background: Several scales have been proposed to clinically evaluate the Motor Severity of Blepharospasm (BSP) but information about their measurement properties as a multicenter instrument is limited. Objective: To compare the measurement properties of four clinical scales in rating the severity of BSP in a large sample of patients from multiple sites. Methods: The Burke–Fahn–Marsden Scale (BFMS), the Global Dystonia Severity Rating Scale (GDRS), the Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS), and the Blepharospasm Severity Rating Scale (BSRS) were administered to 211 patients across 10 sites who were also requested to self-complete the Blepharospasm Disability Index (BDI). Measurement properties to be assessed included inter−/intra-observer agreement, item-to-total correlation, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effect, convergent/discriminant validity, and adherence to the distribution of BDI. Results: The BFMS had unsatisfactory measurement properties, the GDRS had acceptable reliability but other properties could not be completely testable; the JRS had satisfactory measurement properties but the scale did not accurately reflect the distribution of disability parameter (BDI) in the sample, and the BSRS had satisfactory measurement properties and also showed the best adherence to the distribution of BDI in the assessed sample. Conclusion: The comparison of the measurement properties of four rating scales to assess the motor state of the BSP in a large sample of patients from multiple sites showed that the GDRS should be used to simultaneously assess BSP and dystonia in other body parts, while the JRS (easier to use) and BSRS (better to discriminate severity) should be used to assess BSP alone.
AB - Background: Several scales have been proposed to clinically evaluate the Motor Severity of Blepharospasm (BSP) but information about their measurement properties as a multicenter instrument is limited. Objective: To compare the measurement properties of four clinical scales in rating the severity of BSP in a large sample of patients from multiple sites. Methods: The Burke–Fahn–Marsden Scale (BFMS), the Global Dystonia Severity Rating Scale (GDRS), the Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS), and the Blepharospasm Severity Rating Scale (BSRS) were administered to 211 patients across 10 sites who were also requested to self-complete the Blepharospasm Disability Index (BDI). Measurement properties to be assessed included inter−/intra-observer agreement, item-to-total correlation, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effect, convergent/discriminant validity, and adherence to the distribution of BDI. Results: The BFMS had unsatisfactory measurement properties, the GDRS had acceptable reliability but other properties could not be completely testable; the JRS had satisfactory measurement properties but the scale did not accurately reflect the distribution of disability parameter (BDI) in the sample, and the BSRS had satisfactory measurement properties and also showed the best adherence to the distribution of BDI in the assessed sample. Conclusion: The comparison of the measurement properties of four rating scales to assess the motor state of the BSP in a large sample of patients from multiple sites showed that the GDRS should be used to simultaneously assess BSP and dystonia in other body parts, while the JRS (easier to use) and BSRS (better to discriminate severity) should be used to assess BSP alone.
KW - Blepharospasm
KW - dystonia
KW - measurement properties
KW - rating scale
KW - severity of illness index
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135845161&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85135845161&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/mdc3.13530
DO - 10.1002/mdc3.13530
M3 - Article
C2 - 36247913
AN - SCOPUS:85135845161
SN - 2330-1619
VL - 9
SP - 949
EP - 955
JO - Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
JF - Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
IS - 7
ER -