TY - JOUR
T1 - Maternal reports of sleep in 6-18 month-old infants from Nepal and Zanzibar
T2 - Association with iron deficiency anemia and stunting
AU - Kordas, Katarzyna
AU - Siegel, Emily H.
AU - Olney, Deanna K.
AU - Katz, Joanne
AU - Tielsch, James M.
AU - Chwaya, Hababu M.
AU - Kariger, Patricia K.
AU - LeClerq, Steven C.
AU - Khatry, Subarna K.
AU - Stoltzfus, Rebecca J.
PY - 2008/6
Y1 - 2008/6
N2 - Background: Infants with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and stunting explore and interact less with their environment. They may also be fatigued more often, suggesting their sleep may be affected. It is unclear whether fatigue in these infants is due to poor nighttime sleep or if it is compensated for with frequent naps or longer sleep. Aims: In 2 studies from Pemba Island, Zanzibar and 1 from Nepal we investigated the relationship between IDA, stunting, and maternal reports of sleep in 6-18 mo old infants. Methods: Parents reported on the number and duration of naps, hours of nighttime sleep, and frequency of night waking. Anemia was defined as Hb < 10 g/dL, iron deficiency as zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP ≥ 90 μmol/mol heme), stunting as HAZ < - 2 SD, and IDA as Hb < 10 g/dL and ZPP ≥ 90 μmol/mol heme. Results: The prevalence of IDA and stunting was 34-84% and 22-37%, respectively. Most infants napped during the day and took approximately 1.5 naps (mean nap duration 1.4-1.7 h). Mean nighttime sleep duration was 8.3-9.7 h and infants awoke 2.1-2.5 times per night. Both IDA and stunting were associated with differences in reported sleep characterized by shorter night sleep duration and higher frequency of night waking; stunting was also related to shorter nap duration. Conclusions: We found reduced sleep duration and increased night waking among infants with IDA and stunting. Because sleep plays an essential role in infant development, our findings indicate a clear need for further research into these relationships.
AB - Background: Infants with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and stunting explore and interact less with their environment. They may also be fatigued more often, suggesting their sleep may be affected. It is unclear whether fatigue in these infants is due to poor nighttime sleep or if it is compensated for with frequent naps or longer sleep. Aims: In 2 studies from Pemba Island, Zanzibar and 1 from Nepal we investigated the relationship between IDA, stunting, and maternal reports of sleep in 6-18 mo old infants. Methods: Parents reported on the number and duration of naps, hours of nighttime sleep, and frequency of night waking. Anemia was defined as Hb < 10 g/dL, iron deficiency as zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP ≥ 90 μmol/mol heme), stunting as HAZ < - 2 SD, and IDA as Hb < 10 g/dL and ZPP ≥ 90 μmol/mol heme. Results: The prevalence of IDA and stunting was 34-84% and 22-37%, respectively. Most infants napped during the day and took approximately 1.5 naps (mean nap duration 1.4-1.7 h). Mean nighttime sleep duration was 8.3-9.7 h and infants awoke 2.1-2.5 times per night. Both IDA and stunting were associated with differences in reported sleep characterized by shorter night sleep duration and higher frequency of night waking; stunting was also related to shorter nap duration. Conclusions: We found reduced sleep duration and increased night waking among infants with IDA and stunting. Because sleep plays an essential role in infant development, our findings indicate a clear need for further research into these relationships.
KW - Developing country
KW - Infant
KW - Iron deficiency anemia
KW - Sleep
KW - Stunting
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U2 - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.10.007
DO - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.10.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 18022771
AN - SCOPUS:43649090785
SN - 0378-3782
VL - 84
SP - 389
EP - 398
JO - Early Human Development
JF - Early Human Development
IS - 6
ER -