@article{f61e3cab577f49edaff4b6f4f5411bbe,
title = "Market Chickens as a Source of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in a Peri-Urban Community in Lima, Peru",
abstract = "The widespread and poorly regulated use of antibiotics in animal production in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is increasingly associated with the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in retail animal products. Here, we compared Escherichia coli from chickens and humans with varying levels of exposure to chicken meat in a low-income community in the southern outskirts of Lima, Peru. We hypothesize that current practices in local poultry production result in highly resistant commensal bacteria in chickens that can potentially colonize the human gut. E. coli was isolated from cloacal swabs of non-organic (n = 41) and organic chickens (n = 20), as well as from stools of market chicken vendors (n = 23), non-vendors (n = 48), and babies (n = 60). 315 E. coli isolates from humans (n = 150) and chickens (n = 165) were identified, with chickens showing higher rates of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotypes. Non-organic chicken isolates were more resistant to most antibiotics tested than human isolates, while organic chicken isolates were susceptible to most antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing of 118 isolates identified shared phylogroups between human and animal populations and 604 ARG hits across genomes. Resistance to florfenicol (an antibiotic commonly used as a growth promoter in poultry but not approved for human use) was higher in chicken vendors compared to other human groups. Isolates from non-organic chickens contained genes conferring resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics, including mcr-1 for colistin resistance, blaCTX-M ESBLs, and blaKPC-3 carbapenemase. Our findings suggest that E. coli strains from market chickens are a potential source of ARGs that can be transmitted to human commensals.",
keywords = "AMR, Escherichia coli, LMIC, Peru, WGS, genomics, one health, poultry",
author = "Matthew Murray and Guillermo Salvatierra and Alejandra D{\'a}vila-Barclay and Brenda Ayzanoa and Camila Castillo-Vilcahuaman and Michelle Huang and Pajuelo, {M{\'o}nica J.} and Lescano, {Andr{\'e}s G.} and Lilia Cabrera and Maritza Calder{\'o}n and Berg, {Douglas E.} and Gilman, {Robert H.} and Pablo Tsukayama",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by the Inn{\'o}vate Per{\'u} grant #289-2017, CONCYTEC grant #088-2018, NIH D43 TW010074, and R01 AI108695-01A1 grants. PT and GS were supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43TW009343 and the University of California Global Health Institute. GS was supported by the CONCYTEC-FONDECYT-World Bank Group contract number E033-01-08-2018-FONDECYT/Banco Mundial-Programas de Doctorado en {\'A}reas Estrat{\'e}gicas y Generales. AL was supported by the training grant D43TW007393 awarded by the Fogarty International Center of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The funders had no involvement in the conduct or publication of this research. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Funding Information: We thank Dr. Maya Nadimpalli for comments on the manuscript and Javier Valdivia from our industry partner, for providing access to the organic chicken flocks for sampling. Funding. This study was supported by the Inn?vate Per? grant #289-2017, CONCYTEC grant #088-2018, NIH D43 TW010074, and R01 AI108695-01A1 grants. PT and GS were supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43TW009343 and the University of California Global Health Institute. GS was supported by the CONCYTEC-FONDECYT-World Bank Group contract number E033-01-08-2018-FONDECYT/Banco Mundial-Programas de Doctorado en ?reas Estrat?gicas y Generales. AL was supported by the training grant D43TW007393 awarded by the Fogarty International Center of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The funders had no involvement in the conduct or publication of this research. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 Murray, Salvatierra, D{\'a}vila-Barclay, Ayzanoa, Castillo-Vilcahuaman, Huang, Pajuelo, Lescano, Cabrera, Calder{\'o}n, Berg, Gilman and Tsukayama.",
year = "2021",
month = mar,
day = "2",
doi = "10.3389/fmicb.2021.635871",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
journal = "Frontiers in Microbiology",
issn = "1664-302X",
publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",
}