@article{637a1e06fa654f589c51d9a8fc038dce,
title = "Low Vitamin D is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in women with HIV",
abstract = "Background: Vitamin D deficiency is underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially among people living with HIV (PLWH). Recently, there has been an increased interest in the role of Vitamin D in cardiovascular disease (CVD). While Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with CVD in observational studies in the general population, there are limited data in PLWH. We therefore performed an analysis to assess the relationship of Vitamin D and coronary athA{\^e}rosclerosis using coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Methods: Women living with HIV (WLWH) without known CVD were included. Based on the median value of serum Vitamin D levels, participants were dichoto-mized to either the <25 ng/ml (lower Vitamin D group) or >25 ng/ml (higher Vitamin D group). CCTA was used to assess plaque characteristics. Results: Forty-three WLWH were included in the analyses (mean age 46 ±8 years, 56% African American, duration of HIV 15 ±6 years, 83% undetectable HIV viral load). WLWH in the lower Vitamin D group (/;=22) had significantly higher numbers of segments with any coronary plaque (2.27 ±3.01 versus 0.38 ±0.97; P=0.02) and segments with non-calcified coronary plaque (1.41 ±1.82 versus 0.29 ±0.64; P=0.03) com{\^A}pared with WLWH in the higher Vitamin D group (/;=21). After adjusting for Framingham CHD risk point score, body mass index, diabetes and race, the relation-ship remained significant. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a significant, inde{\^A}pendent relationship between lower Vitamin D status and higher numbers of noncalcified coronary plaque segments in WLWH. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the effect of Vitamin D on CVD in PLWH. Trial Registration Identifier: NCT00455793.",
author = "Cheru, {Lediya T.} and Saylor, {Charles F.} and Fitch, {Kathleen V.} and Looby, {Sara E.} and Michael Lu and Udo Hoffmann and Stanley, {Takara L.} and Janet Lo",
note = "Funding Information: TLS received unrelated grant support from Novo Nordisk, Inc. and Kowa Pharmaceuticals. UH received grant support from Siemens Healthcare, the American College of Radiology Imaging Network, and HeartFlow Inc. ML received consulting fees from PQBy-pass and research support from NVIDIA. JL participated in a Medical Affairs Advisory Board meeting for Gilead Sciences and served as a consultant for Viiv Healthcare. LTC, CFS, KVF and SEL have nothing to declare. All declaration of interests by the co-authors are unrelated to the design of this study and this manuscript. Funding Information: We wish to thank the participants and the Nursing and Bionutrition Staff of the MGH Clinical Research Center. Principal contributions of authors are: study conception (LTC, JL), study design (JL), participant recruitment, history-taking and physical examination (JL, KVF, SEL), data acquisition (JL, KVF, SEL, TLS, ML), statistical analysis and interpretation (LTC, JL), drafting of the manuscript (LTC, JL), critical revision of manuscript (LTC, CFS, TLS, KVF, SEL, ML, UH, JL) and supervision of study (JL). This work was supported by NIH RO1HL123351 (JL), NIH K23HL092792 (JL), NIH P30 DK040561 (TLS), Bristol-Myers Squibb and NIH 5T32DK007028-44 (LTC). The project described was also supported by Grant Number 1 UL1 RR025758-04, the Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center, and the National Center for Research Resources. Funding sources had no direct role in the design of the study, data analysis or the writing of the manuscript. Trial Registration Identifier: NCT00455793. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 International Medical Press Ltd. All rights reserved.",
year = "2019",
doi = "10.3851/IMP3336",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "24",
pages = "505--512",
journal = "Antiviral therapy",
issn = "1359-6535",
publisher = "Sage Publications",
number = "7",
}