@article{0c1ba83182034f369869d834d0182c76,
title = "Longitudinal phenotypic aging metrics in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging",
abstract = "To define metrics of phenotypic aging, it is essential to identify biological and environmental factors that influence the pace of aging. Previous attempts to develop aging metrics were hampered by cross-sectional designs and/or focused on younger populations. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), we collected longitudinally across the adult age range a comprehensive list of phenotypes within four domains (body composition, energetics, homeostatic mechanisms and neurodegeneration/neuroplasticity) and functional outcomes. We integrated individual deviations from population trajectories into a global longitudinal phenotypic metric of aging and demonstrate that accelerated longitudinal phenotypic aging is associated with faster physical and cognitive decline, faster accumulation of multimorbidity and shorter survival. These associations are more robust compared with the use of phenotypic and epigenetic measurements at a single time point. Estimation of these metrics required repeated measures of multiple phenotypes over time but may uniquely facilitate the identification of mechanisms driving phenotypic aging and subsequent age-related functional decline.",
author = "Kuo, {Pei Lun} and Schrack, {Jennifer A.} and Levine, {Morgan E.} and Shardell, {Michelle D.} and Simonsick, {Eleanor Marie} and Chia, {Chee Wei} and Moore, {Ann Zenobia} and Toshiko Tanaka and Yang An and Ajoy Karikkineth and Majd AlGhatrif and Palchamy Elango and Zukley, {Linda M.} and Egan, {Josephine M.} and {de Cabo}, Rafael and Resnick, {Susan M.} and Luigi Ferrucci",
note = "Funding Information: This work is supported by the Intramural Research Program of National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health. We thank L. Brick for her support with illustrations. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. All grants received by coauthors are as follows: J.A.S. receives NIH grants (nos. R01AG061786, U01AG057545 and U01AG032947). M.D.S. receives NIH grants (nos. R01 AG048069, R56 AG068673, R03 AG070178, P30 AG028747-15S1 and R01 AG069915). M.E.L. receives NIH grants (nos. NIA 1R01AG068285-01 (Levine), NIA 1R01AG065403-01A1 (Levine) and NIA 1R01AG057912-01 (Levine)). All other authors are supported by the Intramural Research Program of National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health. Funding Information: This work is supported by the Intramural Research Program of National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health. We thank L. Brick for her support with illustrations. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. All grants received by coauthors are as follows: J.A.S. receives NIH grants (nos. R01AG061786, U01AG057545 and U01AG032947). M.D.S. receives NIH grants (nos. R01 AG048069, R56 AG068673, R03 AG070178, P30 AG028747-15S1 and R01 AG069915). M.E.L. receives NIH grants (nos. NIA 1R01AG068285-01 (Levine), NIA 1R01AG065403-01A1 (Levine) and NIA 1R01AG057912-01 (Levine)). All other authors are supported by the Intramural Research Program of National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.",
year = "2022",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1038/s43587-022-00243-7",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "2",
pages = "635--643",
journal = "Nature Aging",
issn = "2662-8465",
publisher = "Springer",
number = "7",
}