TY - JOUR
T1 - Locally stable brain states predict suppression of epileptic activity by enhanced cognitive effort
AU - Muldoon, Sarah F.
AU - Costantini, Julia
AU - Webber, W. R.S.
AU - Lesser, Ronald
AU - Bassett, Danielle S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Army Research Laboratory through contract no. W911NF-10-2-0022 from the U.S. Army Research Office, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. DSB would also like to acknowledge support from the Army Research Laboratory and the Army Research Office through contract numbers W911NF-10-2-0022 and W911NF-14-1-0679, the National Institutes of Health (2-R01-DC-009209-11, 1R01HD086888-01, R01-MH107235, R01-MH107703, R01MH109520, 1R01NS099348 and R21-M MH-106799), the Office of Naval Research, and the National Science Foundation (BCS-1441502, CAREER PHY-1554488, BCS-1631550, and CNS-1626008). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of any of the funding agencies.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Army Research Laboratory through contract no. W911NF-10-2-0022 from the U.S. Army Research Office, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation , and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation . DSB would also like to acknowledge support from the Army Research Laboratory and the Army Research Office through contract numbers W911NF-10-2-0022 and W911NF-14-1-0679 , the National Institutes of Health ( 2-R01-DC-009209-11 , 1R01HD086888-01 , R01-MH107235 , R01-MH107703 , R01MH109520 , 1R01NS099348 and R21-M MH-106799 ), the Office of Naval Research , and the National Science Foundation ( BCS-1441502 , CAREER PHY-1554488 , BCS-1631550 , and CNS-1626008 ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of any of the funding agencies.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Cognitive effort is known to play a role in healthy brain state organization, but little is known about its effects on pathological brain dynamics. When cortical stimulation is used to map functional brain areas prior to surgery, a common unwanted side effect is the appearance of afterdischarges (ADs), epileptiform and potentially epileptogenic discharges that can progress to a clinical seizure. It is therefore desirable to suppress this activity. Here, we analyze electrocorticography recordings from 15 patients with epilepsy. We show that a cognitive intervention in the form of asking an arithmetic question can be effective in suppressing ADs, but that its effectiveness is dependent upon the brain state at the time of intervention. By applying novel techniques from network analysis to quantify brain states, we find that the spatial organization of ADs with respect to coherent brain regions relates to the success of the cognitive intervention: if ADs are mainly localized within a single stable brain region, a cognitive intervention is likely to suppress the ADs. These findings show that cognitive effort is a useful tactic to modify unstable pathological activity associated with epilepsy, and suggest that the success of therapeutic interventions to alter activity may depend on an individual's brain state at the time of intervention.
AB - Cognitive effort is known to play a role in healthy brain state organization, but little is known about its effects on pathological brain dynamics. When cortical stimulation is used to map functional brain areas prior to surgery, a common unwanted side effect is the appearance of afterdischarges (ADs), epileptiform and potentially epileptogenic discharges that can progress to a clinical seizure. It is therefore desirable to suppress this activity. Here, we analyze electrocorticography recordings from 15 patients with epilepsy. We show that a cognitive intervention in the form of asking an arithmetic question can be effective in suppressing ADs, but that its effectiveness is dependent upon the brain state at the time of intervention. By applying novel techniques from network analysis to quantify brain states, we find that the spatial organization of ADs with respect to coherent brain regions relates to the success of the cognitive intervention: if ADs are mainly localized within a single stable brain region, a cognitive intervention is likely to suppress the ADs. These findings show that cognitive effort is a useful tactic to modify unstable pathological activity associated with epilepsy, and suggest that the success of therapeutic interventions to alter activity may depend on an individual's brain state at the time of intervention.
KW - Afterdischarges
KW - Brain networks
KW - Cognitive intervention
KW - Epilepsy
KW - Functional connectivity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042874406&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85042874406&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.027
DO - 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.027
M3 - Article
C2 - 29845008
AN - SCOPUS:85042874406
SN - 2213-1582
VL - 18
SP - 599
EP - 607
JO - NeuroImage: Clinical
JF - NeuroImage: Clinical
ER -