TY - JOUR
T1 - Japanese pediatric and adult atomic bomb survivor dosimetry
T2 - potential improvements using the J45 phantom series and modern Monte Carlo transport
AU - Griffin, Keith T.
AU - Sato, Tatsuhiko
AU - Funamoto, Sachiyo
AU - Chizhov, Konstantin
AU - Domal, Sean
AU - Paulbeck, Colin
AU - Bolch, Wesley
AU - Cullings, Harry M.
AU - Egbert, Stephen
AU - Endo, Akira
AU - Hertel, Nolan
AU - Lee, Choonsik
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by RERF Research Protocol 18-59. This research was also funded by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics.
Funding Information:
The Radiation Effects Research Foundation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan is a public interest foundation funded by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare and the U.S. Department of Energy. This work was supported by RERF Research Protocol 18-59. This research was also funded by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. The views of the authors do not necessarily reflect those of the two governments. Certain commercially available software is identified in this manuscript to foster understanding and should not be construed as a recommendation. This work utilized the computational resources of the NIH High-Performance Computing cluster, Biowulf ( https://hpc.nih.gov ). The organ doses calculated within this study for the J45 phantom series, as well as a more comprehensive set of comparisons to DS02 organ doses, are provided through the supplementary data online. One figure is also provided within the supplement depicting the difference in colon depth below the body surface between the DS02 adult phantom and the J45 adult female phantom.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - The radiation exposure estimates for the atomic bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki have evolved over the past several decades, reflecting a constant strive by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) to provide thorough dosimetry to their cohort. Recently, a working group has introduced a new series of anatomical models, called the J45 phantom series, which improves upon those currently used at RERF through greater age resolution, sex distinction, anatomical realism, and organ dose availability. To evaluate the potential dosimetry improvements that would arise from their use in an RERF Dosimetry System, organ doses in the J45 series are evaluated here using environmental fluence data for 20 generalized survivor scenarios pulled directly from the current dosimetry system. The energy- and angle-dependent gamma and neutron fluences were converted to a source term for use in MCNP6, a modern Monte Carlo radiation transport code. Overall, the updated phantom series would be expected to provide dose improvements to several important organs, including the active marrow, colon, and stomach wall (up to 20, 20, and 15% impact on total dose, respectively). The impacts were especially significant for neutron dose estimates (up to a two-fold difference) and within organs which were unavailable in the previous phantom series. These impacts were consistent across the 20 scenarios and are potentially even greater when biological effectiveness of the neutron dose component is considered. The entirety of the dosimetry results for all organs are available as supplementary data, providing confident justification for potential future DS workflows utilizing the J45 phantom series.
AB - The radiation exposure estimates for the atomic bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki have evolved over the past several decades, reflecting a constant strive by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) to provide thorough dosimetry to their cohort. Recently, a working group has introduced a new series of anatomical models, called the J45 phantom series, which improves upon those currently used at RERF through greater age resolution, sex distinction, anatomical realism, and organ dose availability. To evaluate the potential dosimetry improvements that would arise from their use in an RERF Dosimetry System, organ doses in the J45 series are evaluated here using environmental fluence data for 20 generalized survivor scenarios pulled directly from the current dosimetry system. The energy- and angle-dependent gamma and neutron fluences were converted to a source term for use in MCNP6, a modern Monte Carlo radiation transport code. Overall, the updated phantom series would be expected to provide dose improvements to several important organs, including the active marrow, colon, and stomach wall (up to 20, 20, and 15% impact on total dose, respectively). The impacts were especially significant for neutron dose estimates (up to a two-fold difference) and within organs which were unavailable in the previous phantom series. These impacts were consistent across the 20 scenarios and are potentially even greater when biological effectiveness of the neutron dose component is considered. The entirety of the dosimetry results for all organs are available as supplementary data, providing confident justification for potential future DS workflows utilizing the J45 phantom series.
KW - Atomic bomb survivors
KW - Cohort dosimetry
KW - Phantoms
KW - Phase space
KW - Radiation transport
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85118296983&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00411-021-00946-2
DO - 10.1007/s00411-021-00946-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 34718851
AN - SCOPUS:85118296983
SN - 0301-634X
VL - 61
SP - 73
EP - 86
JO - Radiation and Environmental Biophysics
JF - Radiation and Environmental Biophysics
IS - 1
ER -