TY - JOUR
T1 - Involvement of multiple molecular pathways in the genetics of ocular refraction and myopia
AU - Wojciechowski, Robert
AU - Cheng, Ching Yu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Purpose: The prevalence of myopia has increased dramatically worldwide within the last three decades. Recent studies have shown that refractive development is influenced by environmental, behavioral, and inherited factors. This review aims to analyze recent progress in the genetics of refractive error and myopia. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and OMIM was conducted to identify relevant articles in the genetics of refractive error. Results: Genome-wide association and sequencing studies have increased our understanding of the genetics involved in refractive error. These studies have identified interesting candidate genes. All genetic loci discovered to date indicate that refractive development is a heterogeneous process mediated by a number of overlapping biological processes. The exact mechanisms by which these biological networks regulate eye growth are poorly understood. Although several individual genes and/or molecular pathways have been investigated in animal models, a systematic network-based approach in modeling human refractive development is necessary to understand the complex interplay between genes and environment in refractive error. Conclusion: New biomedical technologies and better-designed studies will continue to refine our understanding of the genetics and molecular pathways of refractive error, and may lead to preventative and therapeutic measures to combat the myopia epidemic.
AB - Purpose: The prevalence of myopia has increased dramatically worldwide within the last three decades. Recent studies have shown that refractive development is influenced by environmental, behavioral, and inherited factors. This review aims to analyze recent progress in the genetics of refractive error and myopia. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and OMIM was conducted to identify relevant articles in the genetics of refractive error. Results: Genome-wide association and sequencing studies have increased our understanding of the genetics involved in refractive error. These studies have identified interesting candidate genes. All genetic loci discovered to date indicate that refractive development is a heterogeneous process mediated by a number of overlapping biological processes. The exact mechanisms by which these biological networks regulate eye growth are poorly understood. Although several individual genes and/or molecular pathways have been investigated in animal models, a systematic network-based approach in modeling human refractive development is necessary to understand the complex interplay between genes and environment in refractive error. Conclusion: New biomedical technologies and better-designed studies will continue to refine our understanding of the genetics and molecular pathways of refractive error, and may lead to preventative and therapeutic measures to combat the myopia epidemic.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85017567880&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85017567880&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001518
DO - 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001518
M3 - Article
C2 - 28406858
AN - SCOPUS:85017567880
SN - 0275-004X
VL - 38
SP - 91
EP - 101
JO - Retina
JF - Retina
IS - 1
ER -