Introduction to microperimetry and its use in analysis of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration

Purpose of review This article discusses recent advances in the fundus-guided perimetry (microperimetry) and its utilization in evaluation and monitoring of patients with geographic atrophy. Recent findings Although best-corrected visual acuity has been gold standard in clinical practice for decades, it does not provide an entire assessment of visual function that determines daily activity and quality of life of a patient. Furthermore, psychophysical tests, including low-luminance visual acuity, reading speed, and contrast sensitivity, cannot be used to quantify retinal sensitivity or detect pattern of retinal dysfunction. Microperimetry provides a true evaluation of visual function by offering fundus-controlled testing through eye-tracking technology that allows for structural and functional correlation and test-retest reliability for the same test point. Furthermore, it enables precise assessment of location and stability of fixation. Recent research has shown microperimetry to be more representative of the macular function in macular diseases. Summary Microperimetry is currently the clinical investigation of choice to assess residual visual functions and functional vision in macular degenerative diseases, especially geographic atrophy. There is an increasing popularity to employ microperimetry in clinical trials investigating new treatments for geographic atrophy, as well as other macular degenerative diseases, as a reliable functional outcome measure.