Intraventricular hemorrhage

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

Abstract

Introduction Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) frequently complicates subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). In both settings, IVH is a significant and independent contributor to morbidity and mortality, yet therapy directed at ameliorating intraventricular clot has been limited (1-6). Mechanisms of IVH-induced brain injury include increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and ischemic encephalopathy by virtue of mass effect from hemorrhage or associated hydrocephalus due to ventricular outflow obstruction. More recently, direct toxicity of blood products within the ventricle has been implicated in mechanisms by which IVH exerts deleterious effects (7). We review the topic intraventricular hemorrhage, articulating the scope of the problem, standard and investigational therapies, management issues, and relevant questions for future research. Epidemiology Brain hemorrhage is the stroke subtype with the highest morbidity and mortality. Respectively, ICH and SAH account for about 15% and 5% of the 750 000 strokes occurring yearly in the United States, totaling more than 45 000 patients per year (8-10). Approximately 45% of spontaneous ICH and 25% of aneurysmal SAH extend into the ventricles (8,10-12). For patients with both ICH and significant IVH, the expected mortality is 50-80% (13,14). Patients with severe IVH are twice as likely to have poor outcomes (a modified Rankin scale [mRS] score of 4-6 at hospital discharge) and nearly three times more likely to die than their cohorts without IVH (7).

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationCritical Care of the Stroke Patient
PublisherCambridge University Press
Pages348-362
Number of pages15
ISBN (Electronic)9780511659096
ISBN (Print)9780521762564
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2013

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Medicine(all)

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Intraventricular hemorrhage'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this