TY - JOUR
T1 - Increased Mortality at Low-Volume Orthotopic Heart Transplantation Centers
T2 - Should Current Standards Change?
AU - Weiss, Eric S.
AU - Meguid, Robert A.
AU - Patel, Nishant D.
AU - Russell, Stuart D.
AU - Shah, Ashish S.
AU - Baumgartner, William A.
AU - Conte, John V.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Dianne Alejo, Jenna Pearce, and Jennifer Neeley for the provision of Johns Hopkins OHT Data. Doctor Weiss is the Irene Piccinini Investigator in Cardiac Surgery. This work was supported in part by Health Resources and Services Administration Contract 231-00-0115 and by a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NIH 2T32DK007713-12, to E.S.W. and R.A.M.). The content is the responsibility of the authors alone and does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US government.
PY - 2008/10
Y1 - 2008/10
N2 - Background: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) mandate that orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) centers perform 10 transplants per year to qualify for funding. We sought to determine whether this cutoff is meaningful and establish recommendations for optimal center volume using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry. Methods: We reviewed UNOS data (years 1999 to 2006) identifying 14,401 first-time adult OHTs conducted at 143 centers. Stratification was by mean annual institution volume. Primary outcomes of 30-day and 1-year mortality were assessed by multivariable logistic regression (adjusted for comorbidities and risk factors for death). Sequential volume cutoffs were examined to determine if current CMS standards are optimal. Pseudo R2 and area under the receiver operating curve assessed goodness of fit. Results: Mean annual volume ranged from 1 to 90. One-year mortality was 12.6% (n = 1,800). Increased center volume was associated with decreased 30-day mortality (p < 0.001). Decreased center volume was associated with increases in 30-day (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.03, p < 0.001) and 1-year mortality (OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.02, p = 0.03-censored for 30-day death). The greatest mortality risk occurred at very low volume centers (≤ 2 cases = 2.15 times increase in death, p = 0.03). Annual institutional volume of fewer than 10 cases per year increased 30-day mortality by more than 100% (OR 2.02, 95%CI: 1.46 to 2.80, p < 0.001) and each decrease in mean center volume by one case per year increased the odds of 30-day mortality by 2% (OR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.03, p < 0.001]. Additionally, centers performing fewer than 10 OHTs per year had increased cumulative mortality by Cox proportional hazards regression (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.60, p < 0.001). Sequential multivariable analyses suggested that current CMS standards may not be optimal, as all centers performing more than 40 transplants per year demonstrated less than 5% 30-day mortality. Conclusions: Annual center volume is an independent predictor of short-term mortality in OHT. These data support reevaluation of the current CMS volume cutoff for OHT, as high-volume centers achieve lower mortality.
AB - Background: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) mandate that orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) centers perform 10 transplants per year to qualify for funding. We sought to determine whether this cutoff is meaningful and establish recommendations for optimal center volume using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry. Methods: We reviewed UNOS data (years 1999 to 2006) identifying 14,401 first-time adult OHTs conducted at 143 centers. Stratification was by mean annual institution volume. Primary outcomes of 30-day and 1-year mortality were assessed by multivariable logistic regression (adjusted for comorbidities and risk factors for death). Sequential volume cutoffs were examined to determine if current CMS standards are optimal. Pseudo R2 and area under the receiver operating curve assessed goodness of fit. Results: Mean annual volume ranged from 1 to 90. One-year mortality was 12.6% (n = 1,800). Increased center volume was associated with decreased 30-day mortality (p < 0.001). Decreased center volume was associated with increases in 30-day (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.03, p < 0.001) and 1-year mortality (OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.02, p = 0.03-censored for 30-day death). The greatest mortality risk occurred at very low volume centers (≤ 2 cases = 2.15 times increase in death, p = 0.03). Annual institutional volume of fewer than 10 cases per year increased 30-day mortality by more than 100% (OR 2.02, 95%CI: 1.46 to 2.80, p < 0.001) and each decrease in mean center volume by one case per year increased the odds of 30-day mortality by 2% (OR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.03, p < 0.001]. Additionally, centers performing fewer than 10 OHTs per year had increased cumulative mortality by Cox proportional hazards regression (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.60, p < 0.001). Sequential multivariable analyses suggested that current CMS standards may not be optimal, as all centers performing more than 40 transplants per year demonstrated less than 5% 30-day mortality. Conclusions: Annual center volume is an independent predictor of short-term mortality in OHT. These data support reevaluation of the current CMS volume cutoff for OHT, as high-volume centers achieve lower mortality.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.06.071
DO - 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.06.071
M3 - Article
C2 - 18805171
AN - SCOPUS:52049122608
SN - 0003-4975
VL - 86
SP - 1250
EP - 1260
JO - Annals of Thoracic Surgery
JF - Annals of Thoracic Surgery
IS - 4
ER -