TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of Age and Symptom Development on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Households With Children - Maryland, New York, and Utah, August 2020-October 2021
AU - Sumner, Kelsey M.
AU - Karron, Ruth A.
AU - Stockwell, Melissa S.
AU - Dawood, Fatimah S.
AU - Stanford, Joseph B.
AU - Mellis, Alexandra
AU - Hacker, Emily
AU - Thind, Priyam
AU - Castro, Maria Julia E.
AU - Harris, John Paul
AU - Deloria Knoll, Maria
AU - Schappell, Elizabeth
AU - Hetrich, Marissa K.
AU - Duque, Jazmin
AU - Jeddy, Zuha
AU - Altunkaynak, Kim
AU - Poe, Brandon
AU - Meece, Jennifer
AU - Stefanski, Elisha
AU - Tong, Suxiang
AU - Lee, Justin S.
AU - Dixon, Ashton
AU - Veguilla, Vic
AU - Rolfes, Melissa A.
AU - Porucznik, Christina A.
AU - Bentz, Meghan L.
AU - Burgin, Alex
AU - Burroughs, Mark
AU - Davis, Morgan L.
AU - Joseph C, Madden
AU - Nobles, Sarah
AU - Padilla, Jasmine
AU - Sheth, Mili
AU - Daugherty, Michael
AU - Li, Yan
AU - Kelleher, Anna
AU - Tao, Ying
AU - Zhang, Jing
AU - Lynch, Brian
AU - Retchless, Adam
AU - Uehara, Anna
AU - Ng, Han Jia
AU - Council-Dibitetto, Christine
AU - Ghasri, Tina
AU - Gormley, Amanda
AU - Gatto, Milena
AU - Jordan, Maria
AU - Loehr, Karen
AU - Morsell, Jason
AU - Oliva, Jennifer
AU - Mateo, Jocelyn San
AU - Herbert, Kristi
AU - Smith, Khadija
AU - Wanionek, Kimberli
AU - Weadon, Cathleen
AU - Woods, Suzanne
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.
PY - 2022/8/1
Y1 - 2022/8/1
N2 - Background: Households are common places for spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We investigated factors associated with household transmission and acquisition of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Households with children age <18 years were enrolled into prospective, longitudinal cohorts and followed from August 2020 to August 2021 in Utah, September 2020 to August 2021 in New York City, and November 2020 to October 2021 in Maryland. Participants self-collected nasal swabs weekly and with onset of acute illness. Swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We assessed factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 acquisition using a multilevel logistic regression adjusted for household size and clustering and SARS-CoV-2 transmission using a logistic regression adjusted for household size. Results: Among 2053 people (513 households) enrolled, 180 people (8.8%; in 76 households) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Compared with children age <12 years, the odds of acquiring infection were lower for adults age ≥18 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.34; 95% CI, 0.14-0.87); however, this may reflect vaccination status, which protected against SARS-CoV-2 acquisition (aOR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.91). The odds of onward transmission were similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic primary cases (aOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.35-2.93) and did not differ by age (12-17 years vs <12 years: aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.20-5.62; ≥18 years vs <12 years: aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.52-5.83). Conclusions: Adults had lower odds of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 compared with children, but this association might be influenced by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, which was primarily available for adults and protective against infection. In contrast, all ages, regardless of symptoms and COVID-19 vaccination, had similar odds of transmitting SARS-CoV-2. Our findings underscore the importance of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation measures for persons of all ages.
AB - Background: Households are common places for spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We investigated factors associated with household transmission and acquisition of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Households with children age <18 years were enrolled into prospective, longitudinal cohorts and followed from August 2020 to August 2021 in Utah, September 2020 to August 2021 in New York City, and November 2020 to October 2021 in Maryland. Participants self-collected nasal swabs weekly and with onset of acute illness. Swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We assessed factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 acquisition using a multilevel logistic regression adjusted for household size and clustering and SARS-CoV-2 transmission using a logistic regression adjusted for household size. Results: Among 2053 people (513 households) enrolled, 180 people (8.8%; in 76 households) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Compared with children age <12 years, the odds of acquiring infection were lower for adults age ≥18 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.34; 95% CI, 0.14-0.87); however, this may reflect vaccination status, which protected against SARS-CoV-2 acquisition (aOR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.91). The odds of onward transmission were similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic primary cases (aOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.35-2.93) and did not differ by age (12-17 years vs <12 years: aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.20-5.62; ≥18 years vs <12 years: aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.52-5.83). Conclusions: Adults had lower odds of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 compared with children, but this association might be influenced by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, which was primarily available for adults and protective against infection. In contrast, all ages, regardless of symptoms and COVID-19 vaccination, had similar odds of transmitting SARS-CoV-2. Our findings underscore the importance of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation measures for persons of all ages.
KW - COVID-19
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - household transmission
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85151558379&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85151558379&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/ofid/ofac390
DO - 10.1093/ofid/ofac390
M3 - Article
C2 - 35991589
AN - SCOPUS:85151558379
SN - 2328-8957
VL - 9
JO - Open Forum Infectious Diseases
JF - Open Forum Infectious Diseases
IS - 8
M1 - ofac390
ER -