Immune activation and exhaustion marker expression on T-cell subsets in ART-treated adolescents and young adults with perinatal HIV-1 infection as correlates of viral persistence

Yuyang Huang, Adit Dhummakupt, Priya Khetan, Tricia Nilles, Weiqiang Zhou, Prakriti Mudvari, Joseph Szewczyk, Ya Hui Chen, Eli Boritz, Hongkai Ji, Allison Agwu, Deborah Persaud

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

HIV-1 infection in memory CD4+ T cells forms a latent reservoir that is a barrier to cure. Identification of immune biomarkers that correlate with HIV-1 reservoir size may aid with evaluating efficacy of HIV-1 eradication strategies, towards ART-free remission and cure. In adults living with non-perinatal HIV-1, the immune exhaustion marker PD-1 on central memory CD4+ T cells (Tcm) correlates with measures of HIV-1 reservoir size. Immune correlates of HIV-1 are less defined in adolescents and young adults with perinatal HIV-1. With multi-parameter flow cytometry, we examined immune activation (CD69, CD25, HLA-DR), and exhaustion (PD-1, TIGIT, TIM-3 and LAG-3) markers on CD4+ T cell subsets (naïve (Tn), central memory (Tcm), and the combination (Ttem) of transitional (Ttm) and effector memory (Tem) cells, in 10 adolescents and young adults living with perinatal HIV-1 (median age 15.9 years; median duration of virologic suppression 7.0 years), in whom HIV-1 reservoir size was measured with the Intact Proviral HIV-1 DNA Assay (IPDA) and an enhanced Tat/Rev limiting dilution assay (TILDA). RNA-seq was also performed on the unstimulated CD4+ T cells. The median total HIV-1 DNA concentration in memory CD4+ T cells was 211.90 copies per million CD4+ T cells. In the 7 participants with subtype B HIV-1 infection, the median intact proviral DNA load was 7.96 copies per million CD4+ T cells. Levels of HLA-DR and TIGIT on the Ttem were correlated with total HIV-1 DNA (r=0.76, p=0.015) and (r=0.72, p=0.023), respectively, but not with intact proviral load or induced reservoir size. HIV-1 DNA load was also positively correlated with transcriptional clusters associated with HLA-DR expression by RNA-seq. In contrast, PD-1 expression on Tcm was inversely correlated with total HIV-1 DNA (r=-0.67, p=0.039). Reservoir size by IPDA and TILDA were correlated (r=0.81, p=0.036). Thus, in this cohort of youths with long-standing treated perinatal infection, HLA-DR and TIGIT on Ttem were the key correlates of HIV-1 infected cell frequencies by total HIV-1 DNA, and not PD-1. Total HIV-1 DNA was negatively correlated with PD-1 expressing Tcm. These differences in longstanding perinatal HIV-1 infection compared with adult infection requires further study in larger cohorts.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number1007626
JournalFrontiers in immunology
Volume14
DOIs
StatePublished - 2023

Keywords

  • HIV - human immunodeficiency virus
  • activation
  • correlates and predictors
  • exhaustion
  • perinatally acquired HIV

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Immunology

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Immune activation and exhaustion marker expression on T-cell subsets in ART-treated adolescents and young adults with perinatal HIV-1 infection as correlates of viral persistence'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this