@article{c39e4a91959640dc92ff23f5abeea983,
title = "Imaging Assessment of Endothelial Function: An Index of Cardiovascular Health",
abstract = "Endothelial dysfunction is a key early mechanism in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and can be observed in larger conduit arteries as well as smaller resistance vessels (microvascular dysfunction). The presence of endothelial dysfunction is a strong prognosticator for cardiovascular events and mortality, and assessment of endothelial function can aid in selecting therapies and testing their response. While the gold standard method of measuring coronary endothelial function remains invasive angiography, several non-invasive imaging techniques have emerged for investigating both coronary and peripheral endothelial function. In this review, we will explore and summarize the current invasive and non-invasive modalities available for endothelial function assessment for clinical and research use, and discuss the strengths, limitations and future applications of each technique.",
keywords = "CAD, CMR, coronary MRI, endothelial function, vascular disease",
author = "Minhas, {Anum S.} and Erin Goerlich and Corretti, {Mary C.} and Armin Arbab-Zadeh and Sebastian Kelle and Thorsten Leucker and Amir Lerman and Hays, {Allison G.}",
note = "Funding Information: AM was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute training grant T32HL007024, the Johns Hopkins University Lou and Nancy Grasmick Research Fellowship and the Marie-Jos{\'e}e and Henry R. Kravis Endowed Fellowship in Honor of Dr. James L. Weiss. AH was supported by the NIH/NHLBI 1R01HL147660. EG was supported by the Ruth L. Kirschstein Institutional National Research Service Award T32HL007227. TL received a Career Development Award from the American Heart Association (19CDA34760040) and Clinician Scientist Career Development Award from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. AA-Z has received research support from Canon Medical Systems. SK was supported by a grant from Philips Healthcare and received funding by the German Ministry of Education and Research and was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – SFB-1470 – B06. Funding Information: AA-Z has received research support from Canon Medical Systems. AL serves as a consultant for Itamar Medical. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 Minhas, Goerlich, Corretti, Arbab-Zadeh, Kelle, Leucker, Lerman and Hays.",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
day = "15",
doi = "10.3389/fcvm.2022.778762",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
journal = "Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine",
issn = "2297-055X",
publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",
}