Image-guided Procedure Versus 2-year Follow-up for a BI-RADS 3 Probably Benign Lesion: A Cost Comparison Analysis

Objective: Perform a comparison between the costs of image-guided breast procedures versus 2-year imaging follow-up for findings classified as BI-RADS assessment category 3-probably benign. Methods: The national payment amount costs at non-facility locations were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services physician fee schedule for breast imaging-related Current Procedural Terminology codes. Total costs were calculated and compared for management algorithms of 2-year imaging follow-up of a BI-RADS 3 lesion from 2018 through 2019 versus performing an image-guided procedure of the lesion in 2018 after the initial diagnostic imaging. Results: Two-year mammographic follow-up of a BI-RADS 3 finding costs $484. This was less than a stereotactic-guided breast biopsy, which cost at least $1055. Two-year follow-up for a probably benign US finding cost $615 compared to $1173 for the least expensive US-guided breast biopsy scenario. For breast MRI, 2-year imaging follow-up cost $1510, which was also less than most MRI-guided breast biopsy scenarios. The one exception in which biopsy costs less than 2-year imaging follow-up was in the setting of an MRI-guided biopsy in the average-risk population without a post-benign biopsy follow-up breast MRI; in this setting, MRI biopsy cost $1235. Conclusion: In 2018-2019, 2-year imaging follow-up of a BI-RADS 3 finding continues to be less costly than an immediate procedure, except for MRI-guided breast biopsy in the average-risk population without a post-benign biopsy follow-up MRI.