TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of Efficacious Vaccines against Contemporary North American H7 Avian Influenza Viruses
AU - Spackman, Erica
AU - Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.
AU - Sitaras, Ioannis
AU - Stephens, Christopher B.
AU - Suarez, David L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS CRIS project 6040-32000-066-00D and USDA-APHIS agreement 60-6040-6-005.
Funding Information:
We thank Mia Torchetti for providing the 2014 and 2016 viruses and Mart de Jong for his help with the construction of the antigenic maps. We also thank Scott Lee, Jesse Gallagher, Diane Smith, Aliyah Byrd, Suzanne DeBlois, Roger Brock, Gerald Damron, and Keith Crawford for technical assistance with this work. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Government. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This research was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS CRIS project 6040-32000-066-00D and USDA-APHIS agreement 60-6040-6-005.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Association of Avian Pathologists. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Five vaccines, including four inactivated, whole-virus water-in-oil adjuvanted vaccines and a commercial nonreplicating alphavirus-vectored RNA particle (RP) vaccine were evaluated in chickens for their ability to provide protection against challenge with a recent H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) from the United States (A/turkey/IN/1403-1/2016 H7N8). One of the inactivated vaccines and the RP vaccine were prepared with A/turkey/IN/16-01571-6/2016 H7N8 low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV; TK/IN/16), which is identical to the challenge virus, except for the proteolytic cleavage site of the hemagglutinin protein. The remaining three inactivated vaccines were prepared with other North American H7 LPAIVs. The hemagglutination inhibition assay was used to evaluate the antigenic relationships among the vaccines and selected recent H7 AIV isolates. All five vaccines provided protection against mortality. The inactivated vaccines reduced virus shedding significantly at 2 and 4 days post challenge compared with sham-vaccinated chickens. In contrast, the RP vaccine did not significantly reduce virus shedding. The inactivated vaccine prepared with TK/IN/16 elicited the highest antibody responses, which suggests it is a strong candidate for use as an antigen for North American H7 AIVs. Antigenic distance calculations showed that the four inactivated vaccine strains and other recent North American H7 isolates are antigenically similar, which suggests that the vaccines evaluated here would be similar enough to provide protection to other North American H7 AIVs. If future H7 outbreaks in poultry warrant vaccination, the field strain can be rapidly evaluated with these antigens and, if adequately related, one of these characterized strains may be used.
AB - Five vaccines, including four inactivated, whole-virus water-in-oil adjuvanted vaccines and a commercial nonreplicating alphavirus-vectored RNA particle (RP) vaccine were evaluated in chickens for their ability to provide protection against challenge with a recent H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) from the United States (A/turkey/IN/1403-1/2016 H7N8). One of the inactivated vaccines and the RP vaccine were prepared with A/turkey/IN/16-01571-6/2016 H7N8 low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV; TK/IN/16), which is identical to the challenge virus, except for the proteolytic cleavage site of the hemagglutinin protein. The remaining three inactivated vaccines were prepared with other North American H7 LPAIVs. The hemagglutination inhibition assay was used to evaluate the antigenic relationships among the vaccines and selected recent H7 AIV isolates. All five vaccines provided protection against mortality. The inactivated vaccines reduced virus shedding significantly at 2 and 4 days post challenge compared with sham-vaccinated chickens. In contrast, the RP vaccine did not significantly reduce virus shedding. The inactivated vaccine prepared with TK/IN/16 elicited the highest antibody responses, which suggests it is a strong candidate for use as an antigen for North American H7 AIVs. Antigenic distance calculations showed that the four inactivated vaccine strains and other recent North American H7 isolates are antigenically similar, which suggests that the vaccines evaluated here would be similar enough to provide protection to other North American H7 AIVs. If future H7 outbreaks in poultry warrant vaccination, the field strain can be rapidly evaluated with these antigens and, if adequately related, one of these characterized strains may be used.
KW - alphavirus vectored vaccine
KW - antigenic cartography
KW - avian influenza
KW - H7 influenza
KW - highly pathogenic avian influenza
KW - poultry vaccination
KW - RNA particle vaccine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105939063&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85105939063&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-20-00109
DO - 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-20-00109
M3 - Article
C2 - 34339130
AN - SCOPUS:85105939063
SN - 0005-2086
VL - 65
SP - 113
EP - 121
JO - Avian diseases
JF - Avian diseases
IS - 1
ER -