Identification of Aptamers That Bind to Sickle Hemoglobin and Inhibit Its Polymerization

The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) is dependent on the polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS), leading to erythrocyte deformation (sickling) and vaso-occlusion within the microvasculature. Following deoxygenation, there is a delay time before polymerization is initiated, during which nucleation of HbS monomers occurs. An agent with the ability to extend this delay time or slow polymerization would therefore hold a therapeutic, possibly curative, potential. We used the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) method to screen for HbS-binding RNA aptamers modified with nuclease-resistant 2′-fluoropyrimidines. Polymerization assays were employed to identify aptamers with polymerization-inhibitory properties. Two noncompeting aptamers, DE3A and OX3B, were found to bind hemoglobin, significantly increase the delay time, and reduce the rate of polymerization of HbS. These modifiable, nuclease-resistant aptamers are potential new therapeutic agents for SCD.