TY - JOUR
T1 - Human immunodeficiency virus testing among people who inject drugs in rural west Virginia
AU - Allen, Sean T.
AU - Grieb, Suzanne M.
AU - White, Rebecca Hamilton
AU - O'Rourke, Allison
AU - Kilkenny, Michael E.
AU - Jones, Christopher M.
AU - Latkin, Carl
AU - Sherman, Susan G.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful for the collaboration of the Cabell-Huntington Health Department, without whom this project would not have been possible. We are especially grateful to Tim Hazelett, Thommy Hill, Tyler Deering, Kathleen Napier, Jeff Keatley, Michelle Perdue, Chad Helig, and Charles “CK” Babcock for all their support throughout the study implementation. We are also grateful for the hard work of the West Virginia COUNTS! research team: Megan Keith, Anne Maynard, Aspen McCorkle, Terrance Purnell, Ronaldo Ramirez, Kayla Rodriguez, Lauren Shappell, Kristin Schneider, Brad Silberzahn, Dominic Thomas, Kevin Williams, and Hayat Yusuf. We gratefully acknowledge the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources. We also wish to acknowledge Josh Sharfstein, Michelle Spencer, Dori Henry, and Akola Francis for their support throughout each phase of this research. Most importantly, we are grateful to our study participants. This work was supported by the Bloomberg American Health Initiative at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (grant to S. T. A.), the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (grant P30AI094189), the District of Columbia Center for AIDS Research (grant AI117970), and the National Institutes of Health (grant K01DA046234 to S. T. A.).
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - Background. Limited research exists on factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among people who inject drugs (PWID) in rural America. The purpose of this research is to identify factors associated with rural PWID in Appalachia having not been tested for HIV in the past year. Methods. Cross-sectional data (n = 408) from a 2018 PWID population estimation study in West Virginia were used to examine factors associated with PWID having not been tested for HIV in the past year. Results. Most participants identified as male (61%), white, non-Hispanic (84%), and reported having recently injected heroin (81%) and/or crystal methamphetamine (71%). Most (64%) reported having been tested for HIV in the past year, 17% reported having been tested but not in the past year, and 19% reported never having been tested. In multivariable analysis, not having been in a drug treatment program in the past year was associated with PWID not having been tested for HIV in the past year (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.430; 95% confidence interval, 1.080-1.894). Conclusions. Drug treatment programs may be important venues for rural PWID to access HIV testing; however, testing services should be offered at multiple venues as most PWID had not engaged in drug treatment in the past year.
AB - Background. Limited research exists on factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among people who inject drugs (PWID) in rural America. The purpose of this research is to identify factors associated with rural PWID in Appalachia having not been tested for HIV in the past year. Methods. Cross-sectional data (n = 408) from a 2018 PWID population estimation study in West Virginia were used to examine factors associated with PWID having not been tested for HIV in the past year. Results. Most participants identified as male (61%), white, non-Hispanic (84%), and reported having recently injected heroin (81%) and/or crystal methamphetamine (71%). Most (64%) reported having been tested for HIV in the past year, 17% reported having been tested but not in the past year, and 19% reported never having been tested. In multivariable analysis, not having been in a drug treatment program in the past year was associated with PWID not having been tested for HIV in the past year (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.430; 95% confidence interval, 1.080-1.894). Conclusions. Drug treatment programs may be important venues for rural PWID to access HIV testing; however, testing services should be offered at multiple venues as most PWID had not engaged in drug treatment in the past year.
KW - HIV
KW - HIV testing
KW - People who use drugs
KW - Substance use
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U2 - 10.1093/infdis/jiz598
DO - 10.1093/infdis/jiz598
M3 - Article
C2 - 32877553
AN - SCOPUS:85090260867
SN - 0022-1899
VL - 222
SP - S346-S353
JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases
IS - Supplement_5
ER -