Abstract
In newborn infants, early diagnosis of abnormalities in the lower extremities is important for normal musculoskeletal and neurologic development. Compared with older children, infants have greater mobility of the hip, varus alignment of the knee, relatively flat feet, greater ankle range of motion, and less defined bony prominences. Lower extremity abnormalities can be positional or structural, and in many cases, more than one of these abnormalities can occur simultaneously. These abnormalities may be rooted in genetic conditions in some fetuses, such as in those with achondroplasia or osteogenesis imperfecta, or could be due to external, maternal factors such as oligohydramnios or breech positioning that may limit fetal movement. Many of these extrinsic abnormalities are positional and may show spontaneous resolution or a better response to surgical correction.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Principles of Neonatology |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Pages | 631-640 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780323694155 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2023 |
Keywords
- acetabulum
- Achilles lengthening
- Achilles tenotomy
- ACL deficiency
- ACL reconstruction
- alpha angle
- aneuploidy of chromosome 13
- aneuploidy of chromosome 15
- aneuploidy of chromosome 18
- angular deformity
- ankle
- anterior superior iliac sign
- anterolateral bowing of tibia
- arthrogryposis
- autograft fascial layer
- avascular necrosis
- Barlow test
- Beals syndrome
- bisphosphonate
- BMP2 collagen sponge
- breech
- calcaneovalgus
- calcaneus
- clubfoot
- congenital femoral deficiency
- congenital fibular deficiency
- congenital hyperextension
- congenital hyperextension of the knee
- congenital knee dislocation
- congenital tibial deficiency
- congenital vertical talus
- cradleboards
- developmental dysplasia of the hip
- diastasis between the tibia and fibula
- diastrophic dysplasia
- distal femoral condyles
- distal tibial articulation
- Ehler-Danlos syndrome
- equinovalgus ankle
- external fixator
- femoral deficiency
- femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome
- femoral osteotomy
- femoral shortening
- femur
- fetal alcohol syndrome
- fibular hemimelia
- foot
- Galeazzi sign
- gastrocsoleus
- greater trochanter
- hamstring
- hip capsule
- iliopsoas
- intrauterine positioning
- irreducible hip
- Klisic test
- knee
- knee disarticulation
- Larsen syndrome
- ligamentous laxity
- ligamentum teres
- limb length discrepancy
- limb length shortening
- metatarsus adductus
- missing foot rays
- mobile pseudoarthrosis
- myelodysplasia
- navicular
- oblique talus
- oligohydramnios
- Ortolani test
- patella alta
- Pavlik harness
- PCL deficiency
- pelvis
- percutaneous tendoachilles tenotomy
- Ponseti method
- posterior capsulorrhaphy
- posteromedial bowing of the tibia
- proximal femoral physis
- proximal tibial epiphysis
- pseudoarthrosis formation
- pseudoarthrosis of the tibia
- pulvinar
- quadriceps tendon lengthening
- relaxin
- reverse Ponseti
- rigid rocker bottom
- Rocker-bottom foot
- Shh pathway
- subluxation
- talipes equinovarus
- talonavicular joint
- talonavicular joint with a fixed hindfoot equinus
- tarsal coalitions
- tibia
- tibial hemimelia
- tibial hemimelia diplopodia syndrome
- tibial hemimelia-micromelia-trigonobrachycephaly syndrome
- tibial hemimelia-split hand and foot syndrome
- transverse acetabulum ligament
- Trendelenburg gait
- vertical tarus
- Werner’s syndrome
- “Sucked candy” appearance
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine