@article{b593338626d34eb2925fc07a700e8227,
title = "Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances the clinical responses to interferon-α (IFN) in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)",
abstract = "The majority of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain with residual disease. In contrast to TKIs, interferon (IFN) is directly toxic to CML progenitor cells, and myeloid growth factors such as GM-CSF may enhance IFN's cytotoxicity. We performed a phase 2 study of IFN. +. GM-CSF in 58 newly diagnosed CML patients before imatinib approval. Short-term clinical responses included: 60% major cytogenetic response, 28% complete cytogenetic response and 19% complete molecular response. Six patients remain off all therapy for CML (range: 15 months-12 years) after IFN. +. GM-CSF treatment. IFN. +. GM-CSF shows promise as an adjunctive therapy for CML.",
keywords = "Chronic myeloid leukemia, Cure, Discontinuation of therapy, Growth factors, Interferon, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor",
author = "Zeidner, {Joshua F.} and Gladstone, {Douglas E.} and Marianna Zahurak and Matsui, {William H.} and Christopher Gocke and Jones, {Richard J.} and Smith, {B. Douglas}",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center nursing and research staff for their superb medical care, and the patients and their families, from whom we have learned valuable information to help us improve the treatment for these diseases. None of the authors report any conflicts of interest. This study was supported by NIH Core Grants T32CA009071 and P30CA006973 . JFZ is supported by the 2013 Conquer Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award, in memory of Dr. John R. Durant. Contributions : JFZ performed research, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; DEG performed research, enrolled patients and edited the manuscript; MZ principal statistician, analyzed the data and edited the manuscript; WHM performed research and enrolled patients; CDG performed research; RJJ performed research and enrolled patients; BDS principal investigator, performed research, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript.",
year = "2014",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.leukres.2014.05.012",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "38",
pages = "886--890",
journal = "Leukemia Research",
issn = "0145-2126",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
number = "8",
}