TY - JOUR
T1 - Glia-neuron energy metabolism in health and diseases
T2 - New insights into the role of nervous system metabolic transporters
AU - Jha, Mithilesh Kumar
AU - Morrison, Brett M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2018/11
Y1 - 2018/11
N2 - The brain is, by weight, only 2% the volume of the body and yet it consumes about 20% of the total glucose, suggesting that the energy requirements of the brain are high and that glucose is the primary energy source for the nervous system. Due to this dependence on glucose, brain physiology critically depends on the tight regulation of glucose transport and its metabolism. Glucose transporters ensure efficient glucose uptake by neural cells and contribute to the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Despite this, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that for the maintenance of several neuronal functions, lactate, rather than glucose, is the preferred energy metabolite in the nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters play a crucial role in providing metabolic support to axons by functioning as the principal transporters for lactate in the nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters are also critical for axonal myelination and regeneration. Most importantly, recent studies have demonstrated the central role of glial cells in brain energy metabolism. A close and regulated metabolic conversation between neurons and both astrocytes and oligodendroglia in the central nervous system, or Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, has recently been shown to be an important determinant of the metabolism and function of the nervous system. This article reviews the current understanding of the long existing controversies regarding energy substrate and utilization in the nervous system and discusses the role of metabolic transporters in health and diseases of the nervous system.
AB - The brain is, by weight, only 2% the volume of the body and yet it consumes about 20% of the total glucose, suggesting that the energy requirements of the brain are high and that glucose is the primary energy source for the nervous system. Due to this dependence on glucose, brain physiology critically depends on the tight regulation of glucose transport and its metabolism. Glucose transporters ensure efficient glucose uptake by neural cells and contribute to the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Despite this, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that for the maintenance of several neuronal functions, lactate, rather than glucose, is the preferred energy metabolite in the nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters play a crucial role in providing metabolic support to axons by functioning as the principal transporters for lactate in the nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters are also critical for axonal myelination and regeneration. Most importantly, recent studies have demonstrated the central role of glial cells in brain energy metabolism. A close and regulated metabolic conversation between neurons and both astrocytes and oligodendroglia in the central nervous system, or Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, has recently been shown to be an important determinant of the metabolism and function of the nervous system. This article reviews the current understanding of the long existing controversies regarding energy substrate and utilization in the nervous system and discusses the role of metabolic transporters in health and diseases of the nervous system.
KW - Acetate
KW - Axon
KW - Energy metabolism
KW - Glia
KW - Glucose
KW - Glucose transporters
KW - Lactate
KW - Metabolic transporters
KW - Monocarboxylate transporters
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U2 - 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.009
DO - 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.009
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30044944
AN - SCOPUS:85050681644
SN - 0014-4886
VL - 309
SP - 23
EP - 31
JO - Experimental Neurology
JF - Experimental Neurology
ER -