TY - JOUR
T1 - Gender Differences in International Cardiology Guideline Authorship
T2 - A Comparison of the US, Canadian, and European Cardiology Guidelines From 2006 to 2020
AU - Rai, Devesh
AU - Kumar, Ashish
AU - Waheed, Syed Hamza
AU - Pandey, Ritambhara
AU - Guerriero, Miranda
AU - Kapoor, Ankita
AU - Tahir, Muhammad Waqas
AU - Zahid, Salman
AU - Hajra, Adrija
AU - Balmer-Swain, Mallory
AU - Castelletti, Silvia
AU - Maas, Angela H.E.M.
AU - Grapsa, Julia
AU - Mulvagh, Sharon
AU - Zieroth, Shelley
AU - Kalra, Ankur
AU - Michos, Erin D.
AU - Gulati, Martha
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.
PY - 2022/3/1
Y1 - 2022/3/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Women continue to be underrepresented in cardiology and even more so in leadership positions. We evaluated the trends and gender differences in the guideline writing groups of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS), and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines from 2006 to 2020. METHODS AND RESULTS: We extracted all guidelines authors from 2006 to 2020, assessed their gender from publicly available profiles, and compared differences based on subspecialties and specific societies. Stratified and trend analyses were per-formed using χ2 and average annual percentage change/average 5 year percentage change. A total of 80 ACC/AHA (1288 authors [28% women]), 64 CCS (988 authors [26% women]), and 59 ESC (1157 authors [16% women]) guidelines were analyzed. A significant increase in inclusion of women was seen in ACC/AHA (12.6% [2006] to 42.6% [2020]; average annual percentage change, 6.6% [2.3% to 11.1%]; P=0.005) and ESC (7.1% [2006] to 25.8% [2020]; average annual percentage change, 6.6% [0.2% to 13.5%]; P=0.04), but the trend remained similar in CCS (20.6% [2006] to 36.3% [2020]; average annual percentage change, −0.1% (−3.7% to 3.5%); P=0.94), guideline authors. More women were coauthors in the ACC/AHA and ESC guidelines when women were chairs of guidelines. There was a persistent disparity of women among guideline authors for general cardiology and all subspecialties, except for pediatric cardiology and heart failure guidelines. The appointment of women authors as a chair was significantly low in all societies (22.4% [ACC/AHA], 16.9% [CCS], and 7.2% [ESC]; P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant disparity in the inclusion of women on all national guideline committees, in addition to serving as a chair of cardiology guidelines. Further advocacy is required to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion in our cardiology guidelines globally.
AB - BACKGROUND: Women continue to be underrepresented in cardiology and even more so in leadership positions. We evaluated the trends and gender differences in the guideline writing groups of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS), and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines from 2006 to 2020. METHODS AND RESULTS: We extracted all guidelines authors from 2006 to 2020, assessed their gender from publicly available profiles, and compared differences based on subspecialties and specific societies. Stratified and trend analyses were per-formed using χ2 and average annual percentage change/average 5 year percentage change. A total of 80 ACC/AHA (1288 authors [28% women]), 64 CCS (988 authors [26% women]), and 59 ESC (1157 authors [16% women]) guidelines were analyzed. A significant increase in inclusion of women was seen in ACC/AHA (12.6% [2006] to 42.6% [2020]; average annual percentage change, 6.6% [2.3% to 11.1%]; P=0.005) and ESC (7.1% [2006] to 25.8% [2020]; average annual percentage change, 6.6% [0.2% to 13.5%]; P=0.04), but the trend remained similar in CCS (20.6% [2006] to 36.3% [2020]; average annual percentage change, −0.1% (−3.7% to 3.5%); P=0.94), guideline authors. More women were coauthors in the ACC/AHA and ESC guidelines when women were chairs of guidelines. There was a persistent disparity of women among guideline authors for general cardiology and all subspecialties, except for pediatric cardiology and heart failure guidelines. The appointment of women authors as a chair was significantly low in all societies (22.4% [ACC/AHA], 16.9% [CCS], and 7.2% [ESC]; P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant disparity in the inclusion of women on all national guideline committees, in addition to serving as a chair of cardiology guidelines. Further advocacy is required to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion in our cardiology guidelines globally.
KW - authorship
KW - gender disparity
KW - guidelines
KW - leadership
KW - women in cardiology
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85125554463&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1161/JAHA.121.024249
DO - 10.1161/JAHA.121.024249
M3 - Article
C2 - 35189693
AN - SCOPUS:85125554463
SN - 2047-9980
VL - 11
JO - Journal of the American Heart Association
JF - Journal of the American Heart Association
IS - 5
M1 - e024249
ER -