Functional identification of cancer-specific methylation of CDO1, HOXA9, and TAC1 for the diagnosis of lung cancer

John Wrangle, Emi Ota Machida, Ludmila Danilova, Alicia Hulbert, Noreli Franco, Wei Zhang, Sabine C. Glöckner, Mathewos Tessema, Leander Van Neste, Hariharan Easwaran, Kornel E. Schuebel, Julien Licchesi, Craig M. Hooker, Nita Ahuja, Jun Amano, Steven A. Belinsky, Stephen B. Baylin, James G. Herman, Malcolm V. Brock

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

50 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Novel diagnostic biomarkers may augment both existing NSCLC screening methods as well as molecular diagnostic tests of surgical specimens to more accurately stratify and stage candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. Hypermethylation of CpG islands is a common and important alteration in the transition from normal tissue to cancer. Experimental Design: Following previously validated methods for the discovery of cancer-specific hypermethylation changes, we treated eight NSCLC cell lines with the hypomethylating agent deoxyazacitidine or trichostatin A. We validated the findings using a large publicly available database and two independent cohorts of primary samples. Results: We identified >300 candidate genes. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and extensive filtering to refine our candidate genes for the greatest ability to distinguish tumor from normal, we define a three-gene panel, CDO1, HOXA9, and TAC1, which we subsequently validate in two independent cohorts of primary NSCLC samples. This three-gene panel is 100% specific, showing no methylation in 75 TCGA normal and seven primary normal samples and is 83% to 99% sensitive for NSCLC depending on the cohort. Conclusion: This degree of sensitivity and specificity may be of high value to diagnose the earliest stages of NSCLC. Addition of this three-gene panel to other previously validated methylation biomarkers holds great promise in both early diagnosis andmolecular staging of NSCLC.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1856-1864
Number of pages9
JournalClinical Cancer Research
Volume20
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 1 2014

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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