Factors Determining Black Carbon Exposures among Pregnant Women Enrolled in the HAPIN Trial

Devan A. Campbell, Michael Johnson, Ricardo Piedrahita, Ajay Pillarisetti, Lance A. Waller, Katherine A. Kearns, Jacob Kremer, Erick Mollinedo, Jeremy A. Sarnat, Maggie L. Clark, Lindsay J. Underhill, John P. McCracken, Anaité Diaz-Artiga, Kyle Steenland, Ghislaine Rosa, Miles A. Kirby, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Sankar Sambandam, Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay, Saritha SendhilAmudha Natarajan, Florien Ndagijimana, Ephrem Dusabimana, Lisa M. Thompson, William Checkley, Laura Nicolaou, Stella Hartinger, Jennifer L. Peel, Thomas F. Clasen, Luke P. Naeher

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Residential biomass burning is an important source of black carbon (BC) exposure among rural communities in low- and middle-income countries. We collected 7165 personal BC samples and individual/household level information from 3103 pregnant women enrolled in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial. Women in the intervention arm received free liquefied petroleum gas stoves and fuel throughout pregnancy; women in the control arm continued the use of biomass stoves. Median (IQR) postintervention BC exposures were 9.6 μg/m3 (5.2-14.0) for controls and 2.8 μg/m3 (1.6-4.8) for the intervention group. Using mixed models, we characterized predictors of BC exposure and assessed how exposure contrasts differed between arms by select predictors. Primary stove type was the strongest predictor (R2 = 0.42); the models including kerosene use, kitchen location, education, occupation, or stove use hours also provided additional explanatory power from the base model adjusted only for the study site. Our full, trial-wide, model explained 48% of the variation in BC exposures. We found evidence that the BC exposure contrast between arms differed by study site, adherence to the assigned study stove, and whether the participant cooked. Our findings highlight factors that may be addressed before and during studies to implement more impactful cookstove intervention trials.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)10162-10174
Number of pages13
JournalEnvironmental Science and Technology
Volume58
Issue number23
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 11 2024

Keywords

  • Guatemala
  • India
  • Peru
  • Rwanda
  • biomass fuel stoves
  • black carbon (BC)
  • exposure assessment
  • exposure models
  • household air pollution
  • intervention
  • liquefied petroleum gas

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Chemistry
  • Environmental Chemistry

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