TY - JOUR
T1 - Eye tracking uncovered great apes' ability to anticipate that other individuals will act according to false beliefs
AU - Kano, Fumihiro
AU - Krupenye, Christopher
AU - Hirata, Satoshi
AU - Call, Josep
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis. © 2017, © Fumihiro Kano, Christopher Krupenye, Satoshi Hirata, and Josep Call.
PY - 2017/3/4
Y1 - 2017/3/4
N2 - Using a novel eye-tracking test, we recently showed that great apes anticipate that other individuals will act according to false beliefs. This finding suggests that, like humans, great apes understand others' false beliefs, at least in an implicit way. One key question raised by our study is why apes have passed our tests but not previous ones. In this article, we consider this question by detailing the development of our task. We considered 3 major differences in our task compared with the previous ones. First, we monitored apes' eye movements, and specifically their anticipatory looks, to measure their predictions about how agents will behave. Second, we adapted our design from an anticipatory-looking false belief test originally developed for human infants. Third, we developed novel test scenarios that were specifically designed to capture the attention of our ape participants. We then discuss how each difference may help explain differences in performance on our task and previous ones, and finally propose some directions for future studies.
AB - Using a novel eye-tracking test, we recently showed that great apes anticipate that other individuals will act according to false beliefs. This finding suggests that, like humans, great apes understand others' false beliefs, at least in an implicit way. One key question raised by our study is why apes have passed our tests but not previous ones. In this article, we consider this question by detailing the development of our task. We considered 3 major differences in our task compared with the previous ones. First, we monitored apes' eye movements, and specifically their anticipatory looks, to measure their predictions about how agents will behave. Second, we adapted our design from an anticipatory-looking false belief test originally developed for human infants. Third, we developed novel test scenarios that were specifically designed to capture the attention of our ape participants. We then discuss how each difference may help explain differences in performance on our task and previous ones, and finally propose some directions for future studies.
KW - anticipatory look
KW - eye-tracking
KW - false belief
KW - great ape
KW - theory of Mind
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U2 - 10.1080/19420889.2017.1299836
DO - 10.1080/19420889.2017.1299836
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85015451818
SN - 1942-0889
VL - 10
JO - Communicative and Integrative Biology
JF - Communicative and Integrative Biology
IS - 2
M1 - e1299836
ER -