TY - JOUR
T1 - Existing and Investigational Medications for Refractory Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
T2 - Safety, Adverse Effects, and Monitoring
AU - Kocaturk, Emek
AU - Saini, Sarbjit S.
AU - Rubeiz, Christine J.
AU - Bernstein, Jonathan A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is responsive to H1 antihistamines administered up to four times the recommended US Food and Drug Administration dose in approximately 50% of patients. However, when patients do not respond to these first-line agents, evidence-based guidelines using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations methodology have provided direction for second- and third-line treatments that can effectively treat patients with CSU. Some patients remain refractory to these advanced treatments; therefore, alternative treatments with a lower certainty of evidence may be necessary. Regardless of the therapies used to treat CSU patients, it is essential for clinicians to be knowledgeable about the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety and monitoring recommendations of the treatments prescribed. This review provides a comprehensive review of the adverse effects and monitoring recommendations for agents in use for CSU treatment as well as those currently undergoing investigation for CSU treatment.
AB - Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is responsive to H1 antihistamines administered up to four times the recommended US Food and Drug Administration dose in approximately 50% of patients. However, when patients do not respond to these first-line agents, evidence-based guidelines using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations methodology have provided direction for second- and third-line treatments that can effectively treat patients with CSU. Some patients remain refractory to these advanced treatments; therefore, alternative treatments with a lower certainty of evidence may be necessary. Regardless of the therapies used to treat CSU patients, it is essential for clinicians to be knowledgeable about the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety and monitoring recommendations of the treatments prescribed. This review provides a comprehensive review of the adverse effects and monitoring recommendations for agents in use for CSU treatment as well as those currently undergoing investigation for CSU treatment.
KW - Adverse effects
KW - Alternative treatments
KW - Anti-inflammatory medications
KW - Biologics
KW - Chronic spontaneous urticaria
KW - H1 antihistamines
KW - Immunosuppressants
KW - Monitoring
KW - Safety
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140294402&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85140294402&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.09.038
DO - 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.09.038
M3 - Article
C2 - 36241154
AN - SCOPUS:85140294402
SN - 2213-2198
VL - 10
SP - 3099
EP - 3116
JO - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
IS - 12
ER -