Evidence of reduced β-cell function in Asian Indians with mild dysglycemia

Lisa R. Staimez, Mary Beth Weber, Harish Ranjani, Mohammed K. Ali, Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, Lawrence S. Phillips, Viswanathan Mohan, K. M. Venkat Narayan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

68 Scopus citations

Abstract

OBJECTIVE-To examine β-cell function across a spectrum of glycemia among Asian Indians, a population experiencing type 2 diabetes development at young ages despite low BMI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-One-thousand two-hundred sixty-four individuals without known diabetes in the Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program in Chennai, India, had a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test,with glucose and insulinmeasured at 0, 30, and 120 min. Type 2 diabetes, isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT), combined impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were defined by American Diabetes Association guidelines. Measures included insulin resistance and sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], modified Matsuda Index, 1/fasting insulin) and β-cell function (oral disposition index = [Δinsulin0-30/Δglucose0-30] × [1/fasting insulin]). RESULTS-Mean age was 44.2 years (SD, 9.3) and BMI 27.4 kg/m 2 (SD, 3.8); 341 individuals had NGT, 672 had iIFG, IGT, or IFG plus IGT, and 251 had diabetes. Patterns of insulin resistance or sensitivity were similar across glycemic categories. With mild dysglycemia, the absolute differences in age- and sex-adjusted oral disposition index (NGT vs. iIFG, 38%; NGT vs. iIGT, 32%) were greater than the differences in HOMA-IR (NGT vs. iIFG, 25%; NGT vs. iIGT, 23%; each P < 0.0001). Compared with NGT and adjusted for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, and family history, the odds of mild dysglycemia were more significant per SD of oral disposition index (iIFG: odds ratio [OR], 0.36; 95% CI, 0.23-0.55; iIGT: OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.24-0.56) than per SD of HOMA-IR (iIFG: OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.23-2.33; iIGT: OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.11-2.11). CONCLUSIONS-Asian Indians with mild dysglycemia have reduced β-cell function, regardless of age, adiposity, insulin sensitivity, or family history. Strategies in diabetes prevention should minimize loss of β-cell function.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2772-2778
Number of pages7
JournalDiabetes care
Volume36
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2013
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Internal Medicine
  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
  • Advanced and Specialized Nursing

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