Abstract
The stiff shoulder can have a multitude of causes. These can be divided into traumatic and atraumatic etiologies. While multiple etiologies are present, and treatment can often be complicated, the diagnosis can usually be established by means of a careful history, physical examination, and plain radiographs in two views. Additional diagnostic studies can be necessary at times, but caution is needed in their interpretation. The obstacles in demystifying the shoulder diseases are due to the nonspecific distribution of pain and difficulty in palpating anatomical landmarks. This chapter summarizes the etiology, patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic studies helpful in evaluating the stiff shoulder.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | The Art of the Musculoskeletal Physical Exam |
Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
Pages | 85-91 |
Number of pages | 7 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783031244049 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783031244032 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2023 |
Keywords
- Adhesive capsulitis
- Diagnosis
- Examination
- Fracture
- Frozen shoulder
- Imaging
- Osteoarthritis
- Stiff shoulder
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine