TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluating the effect of measles and rubella mass vaccination campaigns on seroprevalence in India
T2 - a before-and-after cross-sectional household serosurvey in four districts, 2018–2020
AU - Murhekar, Manoj V.
AU - Gupta, Nivedita
AU - Hasan, Alvira Z.
AU - Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh
AU - Kumar, V. Saravana
AU - Prosperi, Christine
AU - Sapkal, Gajanan N.
AU - Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian
AU - Kaduskar, Ojas
AU - Bhatt, Vaishali
AU - Deshpande, Gururaj Rao
AU - Thankappan, Ullas Padinjaremattathil
AU - Bansal, Avi Kumar
AU - Chauhan, Sanjay L.
AU - Grover, Gangandeep Singh
AU - Jain, Arun Kumar
AU - Kulkarni, Ragini N.
AU - Sharma, Santanu Kumar
AU - Chaaithanya, Itta K.
AU - Kharwal, Sanchit
AU - Mishra, Sunil K.
AU - Salvi, Neha R.
AU - Sharma, Sandeep
AU - Sarmah, Nilanju P.
AU - Sabarinathan, R.
AU - Duraiswamy, Augustine
AU - Rani, D. Sudha
AU - Kanagasabai, K.
AU - Lachyan, Abhishek
AU - Gawali, Poonam
AU - Kapoor, Mitali
AU - Shrivastava, Arpit Kumar
AU - Chonker, Saurabh Kumar
AU - Tilekar, Bipin
AU - Tandale, Babasaheb V.
AU - Ahmad, Mohammad
AU - Sangal, Lucky
AU - Winter, Amy
AU - Mehendale, Sanjay M.
AU - Moss, William J.
AU - Hayford, Kyla
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - Background: India did phased measles–rubella supplementary immunisation activities (MR-SIAs; ie, mass-immunisation campaigns) targeting children aged 9 months to less than 15 years. We estimated measles–rubella seroprevalence before and after the MR-SIAs to quantify the effect on population immunity and identify remaining immunity gaps. Methods: Between March 9, 2018 and March 19, 2020 we did community-based, cross-sectional serosurveys in four districts in India before and after MR-SIAs. 30 villages or wards were selected within each district, and one census enumeration block from each was selected as the survey cluster. Households were enumerated and 13 children in the younger age group (9 months to <5 years) and 13 children in the older ager group (5 to <15 years) were randomly selected by use of computer-generated random numbers. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses by enzyme immunoassay. Findings: Specimens were collected from 2570 children before the MR-SIA and from 2619 children afterwards. The weighted MR-SIA coverage ranged from 73·7% to 90·5% in younger children and from 73·6% to 93·6% in older children. Before the MR-SIA, district-level measles seroprevalence was between 80·7% and 88·5% among younger children in all districts, and between 63·4% and 84·5% among older children. After the MR-SIA, measles seroprevalence among younger children increased to more than 90% (range 91·5 to 96·0) in all districts except Kanpur Nagar, in which it remained unchanged 80·4%. Among older children, measles seroprevalence increased to more than 90·0% (range 93·7% to 96·5%) in all districts except Hoshiarpur (88·7%). A significant increase in rubella seroprevalence was observed in all districts in both age groups, with the largest effect in Dibrugarh, where rubella seroprevalence increased from 10·6% to 96·5% among younger children. Interpretation: Measles–rubella seroprevalence increased substantially after the MR-SIAs but the serosurvey also identified remaining gaps in population immunity. Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Indian Council of Medical Research.
AB - Background: India did phased measles–rubella supplementary immunisation activities (MR-SIAs; ie, mass-immunisation campaigns) targeting children aged 9 months to less than 15 years. We estimated measles–rubella seroprevalence before and after the MR-SIAs to quantify the effect on population immunity and identify remaining immunity gaps. Methods: Between March 9, 2018 and March 19, 2020 we did community-based, cross-sectional serosurveys in four districts in India before and after MR-SIAs. 30 villages or wards were selected within each district, and one census enumeration block from each was selected as the survey cluster. Households were enumerated and 13 children in the younger age group (9 months to <5 years) and 13 children in the older ager group (5 to <15 years) were randomly selected by use of computer-generated random numbers. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses by enzyme immunoassay. Findings: Specimens were collected from 2570 children before the MR-SIA and from 2619 children afterwards. The weighted MR-SIA coverage ranged from 73·7% to 90·5% in younger children and from 73·6% to 93·6% in older children. Before the MR-SIA, district-level measles seroprevalence was between 80·7% and 88·5% among younger children in all districts, and between 63·4% and 84·5% among older children. After the MR-SIA, measles seroprevalence among younger children increased to more than 90% (range 91·5 to 96·0) in all districts except Kanpur Nagar, in which it remained unchanged 80·4%. Among older children, measles seroprevalence increased to more than 90·0% (range 93·7% to 96·5%) in all districts except Hoshiarpur (88·7%). A significant increase in rubella seroprevalence was observed in all districts in both age groups, with the largest effect in Dibrugarh, where rubella seroprevalence increased from 10·6% to 96·5% among younger children. Interpretation: Measles–rubella seroprevalence increased substantially after the MR-SIAs but the serosurvey also identified remaining gaps in population immunity. Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Indian Council of Medical Research.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85139887917
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85139887917#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00379-5
DO - 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00379-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 36240831
AN - SCOPUS:85139887917
SN - 2214-109X
VL - 10
SP - e1655-e1664
JO - The Lancet Global Health
JF - The Lancet Global Health
IS - 11
ER -