TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluating Goldmann Applanation Tonometry Intraocular Pressure Measurement Agreement Between Ophthalmic Technicians and Physicians
AU - Mihailovic, Aleksandra
AU - Varadaraj, Varshini
AU - Ramulu, Pradeep Y.
AU - Friedman, David S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding/Support: None. Financial Disclosures: Pradeep Y. Ramulu is supported by an NIA grant (R01-AG05241204) and receives fee for consulting from W.H. Gore, Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Ivantis Inc, and Harkcon, Inc. David S. Friedman receives fee for consulting from Gore, Bausch & Lomb, Clearview, IDx, and Thea. The remaining authors indicate no financial support or conflicts of interest. All authors attest that they meet the current ICMJE criteria for authorship.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2020/11
Y1 - 2020/11
N2 - Purpose: To examine IOP measurement disagreement between technicians and physicians and the impact of an educational intervention on the short and long-term disagreement in IOP measurement using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Design: Prospective study designed to enhance measurement reliability. SETTING: A glaucoma clinic at a university hospital. STUDY POPULATION: 6 technicians and 2 physicians. INTERVENTION: An educational intervention was implemented for the technicians to improve IOP measurement agreement with physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of IOP measurement disagreement between physicians and technicians, defined as a difference in IOP of >2 or >3 mm Hg and assessed at baseline and immediately and 6 months postintervention. Results: IOP was evaluated for a total of 529 eyes (physician measured mean IOP = 16.4 mm Hg [SD = 5.9]), 30 per technician-physician pair for each data collection period: baseline, immediately postintervention and 6 months postintervention. At baseline, physicians disagreed 17% and 7% of the time when measuring IOP using >2 and >3 mm Hg to define disagreement, respectively, whereas the average disagreement between technicians and physicians was 25% and 13%. Disagreement was greater at IOPs greater than 20 mm Hg. No significant changes were noted in the frequency of disagreement between technicians and physicians immediately or 6 months postintervention. Conclusions: Two physicians measuring the same patient in the same room disagreed by >2 mm Hg in 17% of patients' eyes, and this amount of disagreement was even higher when comparing physicians to certified technicians. An educational intervention did not improve agreement in IOP measurements between technicians and physicians. This highlights an important limitation of Goldmann tonometry.
AB - Purpose: To examine IOP measurement disagreement between technicians and physicians and the impact of an educational intervention on the short and long-term disagreement in IOP measurement using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Design: Prospective study designed to enhance measurement reliability. SETTING: A glaucoma clinic at a university hospital. STUDY POPULATION: 6 technicians and 2 physicians. INTERVENTION: An educational intervention was implemented for the technicians to improve IOP measurement agreement with physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of IOP measurement disagreement between physicians and technicians, defined as a difference in IOP of >2 or >3 mm Hg and assessed at baseline and immediately and 6 months postintervention. Results: IOP was evaluated for a total of 529 eyes (physician measured mean IOP = 16.4 mm Hg [SD = 5.9]), 30 per technician-physician pair for each data collection period: baseline, immediately postintervention and 6 months postintervention. At baseline, physicians disagreed 17% and 7% of the time when measuring IOP using >2 and >3 mm Hg to define disagreement, respectively, whereas the average disagreement between technicians and physicians was 25% and 13%. Disagreement was greater at IOPs greater than 20 mm Hg. No significant changes were noted in the frequency of disagreement between technicians and physicians immediately or 6 months postintervention. Conclusions: Two physicians measuring the same patient in the same room disagreed by >2 mm Hg in 17% of patients' eyes, and this amount of disagreement was even higher when comparing physicians to certified technicians. An educational intervention did not improve agreement in IOP measurements between technicians and physicians. This highlights an important limitation of Goldmann tonometry.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.06.041
DO - 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.06.041
M3 - Article
C2 - 32640253
AN - SCOPUS:85090344616
SN - 0002-9394
VL - 219
SP - 170
EP - 176
JO - American journal of ophthalmology
JF - American journal of ophthalmology
ER -