Epigenetic biomarkers of postpartum depression

Epigenetic changes in DNA methylation of genes alter gene transcription and are subject to environmental influences including exposure to hormones, stress, and other factors. This chapter describes epigenetic studies focused on postpartum depression. Two groups of studies are discussed including research examining a role for estrogen-influenced genes as well as research on epigenetic modification of the oxytocin receptor gene. Future work in this area should carefully define the phenotypes of participants including the presence or absence of preexisting mood disorders and the timing of onset of symptoms. Epigenetic studies of postpartum depression are an exciting area marrying the influence of biology (genetics) with the environment (hormone exposure).