TY - JOUR
T1 - Eosinophils in autoimmune diseases
AU - Diny, Nicola L.
AU - Rose, Noel R.
AU - Čiháková, Daniela
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank all participants of the roundtable on Eosinophils, Type II Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases held in June 2015 in Washington, DC, USA for their insights and discussion on the role of eosinophils in autoimmune diseases. We thank Dr. Isabelle Coppens, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, for providing the electron microscopy image and Sean Doughty for language editing. This work was supported by NIH/NHLBI grants R01HL113008 and R01HL118183 to DC, American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship 15PRE25400010, and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Richard J and Margaret Conn Himelfarb Student Support fund to ND. A roundtable on Eosinophils, Type II Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases held in June 2015 was funded by the American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Diny, Rose and Čiháková.
PY - 2017/4/27
Y1 - 2017/4/27
N2 - Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that contribute to initiation and modulation of inflammation. Their role in asthma and parasitic infections has long been recognized. Growing evidence now reveals a role for eosinophils in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the function of eosinophils in inflammatory bowel diseases, neuromyelitis optica, bullous pemphigoid, autoimmune myocarditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and other autoimmune diseases. Clinical studies, eosinophil-targeted therapies, and experimental models have contributed to our understanding of the regulation and function of eosinophils in these diseases. By examining the role of eosinophils in autoimmune diseases of different organs, we can identify common pathogenic mechanisms. These include degranulation of cytotoxic granule proteins, induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, release of proteases degrading extracellular matrix, immune modulation through cytokines, antigen presentation, and prothrombotic functions. The association of eosinophilic diseases with autoimmune diseases is also examined, showing a possible increase in autoimmune diseases in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and non-allergic asthma. Finally, we summarize key future research needs.
AB - Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that contribute to initiation and modulation of inflammation. Their role in asthma and parasitic infections has long been recognized. Growing evidence now reveals a role for eosinophils in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the function of eosinophils in inflammatory bowel diseases, neuromyelitis optica, bullous pemphigoid, autoimmune myocarditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and other autoimmune diseases. Clinical studies, eosinophil-targeted therapies, and experimental models have contributed to our understanding of the regulation and function of eosinophils in these diseases. By examining the role of eosinophils in autoimmune diseases of different organs, we can identify common pathogenic mechanisms. These include degranulation of cytotoxic granule proteins, induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, release of proteases degrading extracellular matrix, immune modulation through cytokines, antigen presentation, and prothrombotic functions. The association of eosinophilic diseases with autoimmune diseases is also examined, showing a possible increase in autoimmune diseases in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and non-allergic asthma. Finally, we summarize key future research needs.
KW - Autoimmune diseases
KW - Bullous pemphigoid
KW - Eosinophilia
KW - Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
KW - Inflammatory bowel disease
KW - Innate immune system
KW - Myocarditis
KW - Neuromyelitis optica
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U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00484
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00484
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28496445
AN - SCOPUS:85018409319
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 8
JO - Frontiers in immunology
JF - Frontiers in immunology
IS - APR
M1 - 484
ER -