TY - JOUR
T1 - Endemic Human Coronavirus Antibody Levels Are Unchanged after Convalescent or Control Plasma Transfusion for Early Outpatient COVID-19 Treatment
AU - Karaba, Andrew H.
AU - Johnston, Trevor S.
AU - Beck, Evan
AU - Laeyendecker, Oliver
AU - Cox, Andrea L.
AU - Klein, Sabra L.
AU - Sullivan, David J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded principally by the U.S. Department of Defense’s (DOD) Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND), in collaboration with the Defense Health Agency (DHA) (contract number W911QY2090012), with additional support from Bloomberg Philanthropies, State of Maryland, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (3R01AI152078-01S1, K08AI156021, U54CA260491, and R01AI138897), the NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) (U54CA260491), the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) (U24TR001609-S3), the Division of Intramural Research NIAID NIH, the Mental Wellness Foundation, the Moriah Fund, Octapharma, the Healthnetwork Foundation, and the Shear Family Foundation. The study sponsors did not contribute to the study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, or the decision to submit the paper for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Karaba et al.
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - The impact of preexisting antibodies to the four endemic human coronaviruses (ehCoV) (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1) on severe (hospitalization) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes has been described in small cohorts. Many studies have measured ehCoV 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1 antibody levels weeks after recovery rather than in the first weeks of illness, which is more relevant to early hospitalizations. Antibody levels to the spike protein of the four coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1), as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were measured both before and immediately after convalescent or control plasma transfusion in 51 participants who were hospitalized and 250 who were not hospitalized, as well as in 71 convalescent and 50 control plasma donors as a subset from a completed randomized controlled trial. In COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors, the ehCoV spike antibodies were 1.2 to 2 times greater than the control donor unit levels, while donor COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies were more than 600 times the control plasma units. Plasma transfusion, whether COVID-19 convalescent or control, did not alter the post-transfusion antibody levels for the endemic human coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1) in those hospitalized and not hospitalized, despite the 1.2- to 2-fold elevation in donor COVID-19 convalescent plasma. There was no influence of prior antibody levels to 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1 or post-transfusion antibody levels on subsequent hospitalization. These data, from a well-controlled prospective randomized clinical trial, add evidence that antibodies to ehCoV do not significantly impact COVID- 19 outcomes, despite the apparent back-boosting of some ehCoV after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
AB - The impact of preexisting antibodies to the four endemic human coronaviruses (ehCoV) (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1) on severe (hospitalization) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes has been described in small cohorts. Many studies have measured ehCoV 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1 antibody levels weeks after recovery rather than in the first weeks of illness, which is more relevant to early hospitalizations. Antibody levels to the spike protein of the four coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1), as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were measured both before and immediately after convalescent or control plasma transfusion in 51 participants who were hospitalized and 250 who were not hospitalized, as well as in 71 convalescent and 50 control plasma donors as a subset from a completed randomized controlled trial. In COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors, the ehCoV spike antibodies were 1.2 to 2 times greater than the control donor unit levels, while donor COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies were more than 600 times the control plasma units. Plasma transfusion, whether COVID-19 convalescent or control, did not alter the post-transfusion antibody levels for the endemic human coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1) in those hospitalized and not hospitalized, despite the 1.2- to 2-fold elevation in donor COVID-19 convalescent plasma. There was no influence of prior antibody levels to 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1 or post-transfusion antibody levels on subsequent hospitalization. These data, from a well-controlled prospective randomized clinical trial, add evidence that antibodies to ehCoV do not significantly impact COVID- 19 outcomes, despite the apparent back-boosting of some ehCoV after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
KW - COVID-19
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - endemic human coronaviruses
KW - plasma transfusion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85149154488&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85149154488&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1128/mbio.03287-22
DO - 10.1128/mbio.03287-22
M3 - Article
C2 - 36625657
AN - SCOPUS:85149154488
SN - 2161-2129
VL - 14
JO - mBio
JF - mBio
IS - 1
ER -